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UNDER AND AT THE EARTH'S SURFACE - Coggle Diagram
UNDER AND AT THE EARTH'S SURFACE
The former lie on stable sections of the Heart's crust called
TECTONIC PLATES
The latter are often affected by earthquakes or volcanoes along
PLATE BOUNDARIES
CONVERGENT
boundary
movement
: subduction
effect
: destructive (old crust destroyed, a crust bin)
relief
: trench
activity
: earthquakes and strato-volcano
DIVERGENT
boundary
movement
: spreading
effect
: constructive (new crust created, a crust factory)
relief
: ridge
activity
: earthquakes and sheild volcano)
CONSERVATIVE
boundary
movement
: the plates slide by each other
effect
: crust neither created nor destroyed
relief
: no major effect
activity
: earthquakes
The
HEART'S STRUCTURE
CRUST
(50 km)
MANTLE
(3000 km)
OUTER CORE
(2300 km)
INNER CORE
(1200 km,
with the hottest materials at core
EARTHQUAKES
Focus
or
origin
: place where rocks under great stress and pressure reach breaking point and make sudden jerking movements.
Epicentre
: point on the surface immediately above the focus
Shock waves sent out from the surface of the Earth to shake and break, these waves spread in concentric circles
DAMAGE
is done depends...
how
deep
it is
on the
pressure
at the focus
Scientists studyng earthquakes (
seismologists
) use the
Richter Scale
to measure the strenght or magnitude of an earthquake
Impacts of people
Positive
: undergorund minerals mey be brought nearer to the surface
Negative
: Kills people and wildlife
Destroyed buildings
Can crerate tzunamis
IN A VIOLENT EARTHQUAKE
Stay indoors
Keep calm
Take cover in a doorway or under a strong table or other support
When the shaking
STOPS
Turn heaters off, put fires out
Treat miror injuries
Dont't let your water supplies go to wastle
VOLCANOES
is formed when a
hole
,
crack
or
vent
in the Earth's crust allow
magma
Two types of volcano
STRATO VOLCANO
type of lava
: acid lava
slopes
: steep sides
area covered
: small (mountain region)
pontantial damage
: dangerous
SHIELD
type of lava
: viscous, basic lava
sloppes
: peaks
area covered
: less dangerous
*
Frequency of eruption
active
regular eruptions
dormant
activity can be deyected inside
extinct
will not erupt
The
inner
part
Magma
molten rock found beneath the Earth's crust
Magma chamber
is the location of magma
Lava
is the magma that escapes from the crater
Vent
is the point where the magma rises before it rises
Crater
is the end of the volcano
Impacts
Negative
: Lills people and wildlife
Can destry farms and woodland
Heavy ash can cover area in thick layers and causes roof collapse
Hazards for people
explosion of rocks and ash or the lava flow
mudlow
and
lahars
Positive
: Attractive for tourists
Minerals
Light ash falls can add nutrients to soil
Opportinities for people
:
flat land
provide anegy for hot spings and thermal area
IN AN
ERUPTION
Close doors and windows
Save some water
Stay indoors
Carry a tourch
Breathe trought a handkerchief or wet cloth
CAUSES of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
Proximity to the plate boundaries
Plates move at slow but over millions of years
*Hot spots
: burn a hole trought the crust forming a weakness