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Period 4 By: Stavros Pafilis - Coggle Diagram
Period 4
By: Stavros Pafilis
Political
Louisiana Purchase
Bought from France
Doubled size of US
Beginning of "Manifest Destiny"
Supreme Court
Marbury v. Madison
Established the idea of Judicial Review
Foreign Affairs
Barbary Pirate Affair
Embargo Act of 1807
Led to tensions with Britain, decimated US economy
War of 1812
Americans feel national pride, gained international respect
Canada
Improved relations with Britain
Florida
Andrew Jackson led a campaign to stop raids
Spain gives up Florida to US in treaty
Political Changes
Adopted Federalist ideas, led to internal tensions
Marshall's Supreme Court
Set the basis of the Judiciary Branch and defined powers of central government
Slavery
Missouri Compromise
How to admit Missouri without upsetting balance of slave and free states in Congress?
One leading issue leading to the Civil War
Monroe Doctrine
Bold statement warning of European imperialism in the Americas
The Age of Jackson
Politics of the Common Man
Universal Male Suffrage by 1824
Party National Conventions
Popular election of President
Two-party system
Spoils system
Replace federal position with people who like you
Led to high corruption in office
Indian Removal Act
Indians forced off land and moved to reservations
Trail of Tears
Nullification Crisis
Issue over whether a state can declare a federal law void
Bank Veto
Jackson agreed with westerners who disapproved of the bank, vetoed its charter
Withdrew federal funds and gave them to state-owned "pet banks"
Economic
Economic Nationalism
Tariff of 1816
First large tariff to protect domestic industry
American System
Plan by Henry Clay to raise tariffs, build a national bank, and improve American infrastructure.
Panic of 1819
Led to strong opposition against national bank, especially from the West
A National Economy
(Market Revolution)
Population Growth
Improvements to Transportation
Steamboats and Canals
Railroads
Growth of Industry
Rise of corporations
Factory system
Labor and Labor Unions
Effects
Increased opportunities for women
More economic and social mobility
The persistence of slavery
Social
Era of Good Feelings
Patriotic culture begins to develop
Westward Movement
Native Indians forced off of land
Sectionalism
The Agricultural Northwest
Growth of industrial agriculture
New cities built at key transportation points
The West
American indians
Continued to get pushed West
The Frontier
Mining becomes big after gold rush
Railroads built to connect west to rest of country
Trails open up to encourage settlement West
The Industrial Northeast
Organized labor
Factories
Growth of an urban economy
The South
Majority Cotton-based plantations
Slavery continues to grow in demand as production increases
Resistance from slaves becomes an issue
Chivalrous code, religion is prominent
Second Great Awakening
Appealed to fear, focused on salvation through faith and hard work
Southern branches of Protestantism become popular
Mormons become prominent religion in the West
Reforms
Many social reform movements inspired by religious activism
Culture
Trancendentalism
Focused on individualism
Nature focused, rejected material greed
Communal Experiments
Social experiments to create a utopia, most of which largely failed
Arts and Literature
Genre painting
Reflected everyday life ans scenery
Architecture
Inspired from Ancient Greece to glorify democracy
Literature
Creation of distinctive American literature
Walden
The Scarlet Letter
Moby Dick
Social Reforms
Temperance
Religious leaders targeted alcohol as sin
High use of alcohol in 1820
Popular with women and religious people
Opposed by immigrants, but they lacked political power
Mental Health
Improve facilities for the mentally ill
Schools for Blind and Deaf
Prison reform to better house criminals
Public Education
Free public schools became common
Some schools taught moral principles to children
More universities were founded for those seeking higher education
Familial changes
Women's rights movement
Seneca Falls 1848
Declaration of Sentiments
Women became seen as moral leaders in the home
Antislavery
American Colonization Society
Send African Americans to Africa
Antislavery Society
Used newspapers and magazines
Argued that slavery was a moral sin
Liberty Party
Political party vowing abolition of slavery
Black Abolitionists
Frederick Douglass
Former slave who spoke out about brutality
Harriet Tubman
Helped lead slaves to freedom via the Underground Railroad
Violent Abolitionism
Revolts in the South led to the killings of both whites and blacks
Fear of uprisings ended antislavery talk in South
South viewed social reform as a threat to their way of life