The mitotic phase alternates with interphase
in the cell cycle
Between divisions, a cell is in interphase: the G1, S, andG2 phases. The cell grows throughout interphase, with DNAbeing replicated only during the synthesis (S) phase. Mitosisand cytokinesis make up the mitotic (M) phase of thecell cycle.
Therefore.
The mitotic spindle, made up of microtubules, controls chromosome
movement during mitosis. In animal cells, it arises from
the centrosomes and includes spindle microtubules and asters.
Some spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of chromosomes
and move the chromosomes to the metaphase plate.
After sister chromatids separate, motor proteins move them along
kinetochore microtubules toward opposite ends of the cell. The
cell elongates when motor proteins push nonkinetochore microtubules
from opposite poles away from each other.
Mitosis is usually followed by cytokinesis. Animal cells carry outcytokinesis by cleavage, and plant cells form a cell plate.
During binary fission in bacteria, the chromosome replicatesand the daughter chromosomes actively move apart. Some of theproteins involved in bacterial binary fission are related to eukaryoticactin and tubulin
so,
Since prokaryotes preceded eukaryotes by more than a billion
years, it is likely that mitosis evolved from prokaryotic cell division.
Certain unicellular eukaryotes exhibit mechanisms of cell
division that may be similar to those of ancestors of existing
eukaryotes. Such mechanisms might represent intermediate
steps in the evolution of mitosis.