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Viral causes of diarrhoea - Coggle Diagram
Viral causes of diarrhoea
Rotavirus (Respiratoy and Enteric Orphans)
Non-enveloped RNA
Resilient in environment
High environmental contamination
Reassortment of genome
Site of replication
Villus tip
Villus atrophy
Malabsoption--> osmotic diarrhoea
Mature enterocytes lysis
Replacement enterocytes with reduced enzymatic acitivity
Pathogenesis
Short lived infection
Prolonged recovery time
Faecal-oral transmission
Secondary bacterial infection
Salmonella; E.coli; Cryptosporidium
GIT proteolytic enzymes increase infectivity
Remove viral capsid
Activate enteric NS
Incubation: 24 hours
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus
Enveloped RNA genome
Unstable in environment
Protected in persistently infected calves
Foetal infection - transplacental
<80 days gestation
Foetal death + mmummifcation
80-125 days
Lifelong persistent infection
Infection source
Mucosal disease - death
Virus mutation
125 days
Neutralising antibody eliminates virus
Postnatal infection of non-pregnant cows
Trivial usually
Reduced milk yield
Necrosis of crypt enterocytes
Clinical signs
Intestinal haemorrhage
Intestinal +gastric erosions
Watery diarrhoea
Fever, anorexia
Coronavirus
Enveloped RNA
BUT stable in environment
High mutation rate
Genetic recombination
Pathogenesis
Osmotic Diarrhoea (enteric)
Oral-faecal transmission
Mature enterocytes at villus tip
Shortens villi
Damages colonic ridges
Haematochezia
Tenesmus
Immunological naive young animals
Slow regeneration rate
Canine Parvovirus
Non-enveloped DNA
Environmental resilience
Disinfectants
pH
Heat
Lacks DNA polmerase
Replicates in nucleus
Colonises rapidly dividing cells
Immature crypt enterocytes
Lymphoid tissue
Bone marrow
Pathogenesis
Faecal-oral transmission
Viral antigen detection in faeces
BM: Leukopaenia
Secondary bacterial infection
Inflammation + cytolysis
Permeability diarrhoea
Harmorrhage
Abdominal pain
Incubation : 3-7 days
Window of vulnerability
10-14 weeks
Maternal antibodies blocks vaccine uptake