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MICROORGANISMS: FRIEND AND FOE, ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN - Coggle Diagram

- - - - COMMERCIAL USE OF MICROORGANISMS MICROORGANISMS ARE USED FOR THE LARGE SCALE PRODUCTION OF ALCOHOL, WINE AND ACETIC ACID (VINEGAR). YEAST IS USED FOR COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION OF ALCOHOL AND WINE.
      - MEDICINAL USE OF MICROORGANISMS THE SOURCE OF THESE MEDICINES [ANTIBIOTIC TABLETS, CAPSULES OR INJECTIONS SUCH AS OF PENICILLIN] IS MICROORGANISMS. THESE MEDICINES KILL OR STOP THE GROWTH OF THE DISEASE-CAUSING MICROORGANISMS. SUCH MEDICINES ARE CALLED ANTIBIOTICS.
        
        STREPTOMYCIN, TETRACYCLINE AND ERYTHROMYCIN ARE SOME OF THE COMMONLY KNOWN ANTIBIOTICS WHICH ARE MADE FROM FUNGI AND BACTERIA.
        
        VACCINE
        IF DEAD OR WEAKENED MICROBES ARE INTRODUCED IN A HEALTHY BODY, THE BODY FIGHTS AND KILLS THEM BY PRODUCING SUITABLE ANTIBODIES. THE ANTIBODIES REMAIN IN THE BODY AND WE ARE PROTECTED FROM THE DISEASE CAUSING MICROBES. THIS IS HOW A VACCINE WORKS.
      - INCREASING SOIL FERTILITY
        SOME BACTERIA AND BLUE-GREEN ALGAE CAN FIX NITROGEN FROM THE ATMOSPHERE TO ENRICH THE SOIL WITH NITROGEN AND INCREASE ITS FERTILITY. THESE MICROBES ARE COMMONLY CALLED BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN FIXERS
      - CLEANING THE ENVIRONMENT
        MICROORGANISMS DECOMPOSE DEAD ORGANIC WASTE OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS CONVERTING THEM INTO SIMPLE SUBSTANCES. THESE SUBSTANCES ARE AGAIN USED BY OTHER PLANTS AND ANIMALS. THUS, MICROORGANISMS CAN BE USED TO DEGRADE THE HARMFUL AND SMELLY SUBSTANCES AND THEREBY CLEAN UP THE ENVIRONMENT
    - - DISEASE-CAUSING MICROORGANISMS IN HUMANS
        PATHOGENS ENTER OUR BODY THROUGH THE AIR WE BREATHE, THE WATER WE DRINK OR THE FOOD WE EAT. THEY CAN ALSO GET TRANSMITTED BY DIRECT CONTACT WITH AN INFECTED PERSON OR CARRIED THROUGH AN ANIMAL. MICROBIAL DISEASES THAT CAN SPREAD FROM AN INFECTED PERSON TO A HEALTHY PERSON THROUGH THE AIR, WATER, FOOD OR PHYSICAL CONTACT ARE CALLED COMMUNICABLE DISEASES. THERE ARE SOME INSECTS AND ANIMALS WHICH ACT AS CARRIERS OF DISEASE-CAUSING MICROBES.
      - DISEASE-CAUSING MICROORGANISMS IN ANIMALS
        ANTHRAX IS A DANGEROUS HUMAN AND CATTLE DISEASE CAUSED BY A BACTERIUM.
      - DISEASE-CAUSING MICROORGANISMS IN PLANTS
        SEVERAL MICROORGANISMS CAUSE DISEASES IN PLANTS LIKE WHEAT, RICE, POTATO, SUGARCANE, ORANGE, APPLE AND OTHERS. THE DISEASES REDUCE THE YIELD OF CROPS. THEY CAN BE CONTROLLED BY THE USE OF CERTAIN CHEMICALS WHICH KILL THE MICROBES.
      - FOOD POISONING
        FOOD POISONING COULD BE DUE TO THE CONSUMPTION OF FOOD SPOILT BY SOME MICROORGANISMS. MICROORGANISMS THAT GROW ON OUR FOOD SOMETIMES PRODUCE TOXIC SUBSTANCES. THESE MAKE THE FOOD POISONOUS CAUSING SERIOUS ILLNESS AND EVEN DEATH.
- - - - ANIMALS EAT PLANTS
        
        NITROGENOUS WASTE BY EXCRETION AND DEATH