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Unit 5: Revolutions (c. 1750-1900) - Coggle Diagram
Unit 5: Revolutions (c. 1750-1900)
Economic
urbanization, legal protection of private property, wealth from colonies
governments protected property and other natural rights that allow wealthy to invest in factories
proximity to waterways, rivers, canals provided factories with sources of power, transportation, places to discharge waste
industrialized benefited from colonies by extracting wealth and resources, resulting in accumulation of capital and resources
coal, iron, timber provided places with necessary natural resources to utilize for creation and sustainability of factories
shift towards factory system - labor and production took place in a single location, people moved to urban areas, efficiency concentrated workers on one specific skill or task in the factory, specialization of labor in an assembly line
businesses developed into corporations with ownership from shareholders with the power of free trade, some took over whole industries
1750-1900, Western Europeans put aside mercantilism in favor of free trade and laissez-faire (hands-off) policies
Political
American Rev
British North American colonies rebelled against empire of Great Britain
French Rev
issued Declaration of Rights of Man to guide French people toward natural rights
Reign of Terror: people accused of treason and beheaded by guillotine
Napoleon emerged to put order back into French society but crowned himself as emperor which in many ways ended the French Rev
third estate formed national assembly in defiance of Estates General
challenged existing government structures → political, economic, social change
enlightenment ideas of natural rights, separation of powers in government, tabula rasa, and social contract influenced oppressed people to fight for equality
Haitian Revolution
led by Toussaint L’Ouverture, enslaves of the French colony revolted against white masters and won, established equality and citizenship for all former enslaved
Latin American Revolutions
Spanish colonies established hierarchy based on race and ethnicity
mestizos (combination of white and Native) wanted political power
guided by Simon Bolivar through diverse independence movements, through Venezuela, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru
Italian, German unification
Balkan nationalism & independence
Change Over Time
population increase -- country folk & immigrants move into cities to seek labor
more people = more workers = factories, denser housing = more goods
states westernize
private corporations
factory model
railroads
weapons and technology
manufacturing of goods
overall improvement
more accessible
affordable
more variety
industrialization spreads
better transportation & communication
faster travel times between regions
faster and more convenient communication
labor
urbanization = factories
assembly line
deskilling, higher turnover rates
middle class
small business owners
factory managers, skilled employees
professionals
economic / social ideologies
socialism
peoples control means of production & distribution
Laissez-Faire capitalism
Social
everyone is born equal and the son of a king does not have a divine right to rule
John Locke’s natural rights: life, liberty, property
social contract: people give up some rights in exchange for living in a community under a shared authority or government
new political ideas about people, natural rights, function of government emerge
new ideas challenged tradition and produced tension in societies
enlightenment, scientific revolution: people looked to humans rather than a deity to solve their problems
Enlightenment ideas spread from France and Britain, influenced people that perceived themselves as having natural rights violated by a king that has no earned right to rule
nationalism fueled revolutions in the form of hardcore partiotism and a sense of superiority over other nations
deism: believing in a creator that does not upset the natural order