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Lec 38: Bioremediation - Coggle Diagram

- - - - measured by BOD
        
        biochemical oxygen demand
        
        Consequence of high BOD
        
        Bac growth
        
        more nitrate, phosphate, ammonia
        
        less O2
        
        cyanobac and algae grow
      - aerobic consumers
        
        nutrients + excess O2-> biomass + remaining O2
    - - released soln doesn't contaminate
        
        surface water
        
        lakes
        
        rivers
        
        groundwater
        
        aquifers
  - - - settling
      - sludge removal
        
        go to anaerobic digester
        
        make
        
        electricity
        
        fuel
        
        Complex polymer
        
        decomposed by hydrolysis by decomposer
        
        monomers
        
        femented to make
        
        2 more items...
        
        can be spread out to make fertilizer
    - - degradation
        
        Macro nutrients
        
        Starch
        
        Cellulose
        
        End-products
        
        CO2
        
        from TCA cycle
        
        NH4 (Ammonium)
        
        from deamination
        
        PO4 3- (Phosphate)
        
        Pentose phosphate pathway
        
        All are aerobic processes
        
        blow air into secondary sewage tank
      - Floc formation
        
        micronutrient particles surrounded by bacterial biofims
        
        precipitate to bottom of 2ndsary tank
        
        activated sludge
    - - kill remaining pathogens
        
        ozone
        
        UV light
        
        chlorine
      - precipitate phosphates
      - What happens to Micronutrients
        
        CO2
        
        evap into atmosphere
        
        NH4+
        
        Nitrification
        
        Denitrification
        
        release to atmos
        
        PO4 -3
        
        Add calicium to precipitate
        
        become fertilizer
  - - - no gas collection
      - Wastewater enter pond w/ aerator
        
        Sludge precipitate and digested anaerobically
        
        include flocs in sludge
        
        soln only include micro nutrients and bac
      - Run soln through 50m of sandy soil
        
        orgs in soil use up micronutrients
        
        pathogens in wastewater outcompeted by orgs in soil
        
        adaptive ability
- - - - Common to instestine
      - excreted in large numbers
      - found only in humans & warm blooded animals
    - - die in water at similar rate as frank pathogens
      - affected by water purification schemes in similar way
    - - coliforms
      - If can kill these then pathogens should also be killed
  - - - MacConkey
- - - - Nitrogen
      - Phosphorus
  - - - Temp
        
        proper physical conditions for growth
      - O2 Supply
        
        Aerobic
        
        Anaerobic
      - Nutrients
        
        Phosphorus
        
        Nitrogen
      - Toxic chem present
    - - chemical bac :red_cross: bioremedicate
        
        No pathway has evolved for new synthetic chem
        
        Broad metabolic capacity
        
        Soil org exposed to flavonoids
        
        also in chemical pollutants
        
        Built through Horizontal Gene Transfer
        
        Congugation
        
        Bacteria's plasmid
        
        Transduction
        
        Bacteriophage transfer the genes
        
        Transformation
        
        Uptake DNA from dead cells
        
        Metabolic engineering
        
        Common intermediate
    - - insolubility
      - High branched C chain
      - Halogenated
        
        Cl
        
        Br
        
        I
        
        Can lead to biomagnification