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Forces - Coggle Diagram
Forces
Contact Forces
Push
If you blow a ping-pong ball across a table with a straw, it is an example of a push force. This is because the air is being forced out of the straw and is being pushed against the ball harder than the air resistance pushing against the ball.
The push force is the force of something moving towards the gap in between two objects, and transferring that movement to the other object. How much that object moves is measured by adding up all the factors. For instance, if I failed to push a car, it means that I am not applying enough newtons of force to the car compared to the weight of the car.
You are actually using the pushing force to exhale. Your lungs are contracting, sending out air, which comes out of your mouth. This means that your lungs contracting on air is a pushing motion.
- You his a ball with a bat. What factors will influence how far the ball goes? The force with which you hit the ball will obviously influence how far the ball goes because the ball flying is a result of the bat swinging and transferring its force to the ball. Another factor is the air resistance. This changes how far the ball goes a lot, because if there wasn't any air, and the gravity was still the same, the ball would keep flying for an extremely long time because it would only slow down for a tiny bit when it hits the ground, and then rise back up again. A force that I kind of mentioned then is gravity. It would act upon the ball and make it change direction and therefore distance, by making the ball hit the ground. It would also slow down the ball a bit from the ball hitting the ground.
- What mechanical systems use a push force? To fly, drones use a push force. This is because the propellers push the air downwards, making the drone rise. Inside a car, the gasoline explodes very frequently, constantly pushing the pistons. Almost all machines use the push force.
- Can a push force ever be a non-contact force? If so, When? I think a push force can sometimes be a non-contact force. An example of this would be two of the same ends of a magnet. They would repel each other, and push each other away.
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Pull
The pull force is the force of something attaching to something else and moving that thing with it. How much that thing would move would be based on how much it weighed, the air resistance, the friction and any other forces. Pulling is the opposite of pushing.
Pulling an object is easier than pulling one. This is because when you pull an object, you are taking some of your weight and using it against the weight of the object, however when you push the object, you add more weight to it, giving it more friction.
If you take a chocolate bar from the shelf just above your head, you are pulling. This is because you are using your arm's weight against the weight of the chocolate bar, and because you are attaching your fingers to the chocolate bar, and then moving the bar with your fingers and arm.
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- Can you convert a push force into a pull force? I think you can because you could get on the other side of an object that is being pushed and pull it.
- Can a pull force ever be a non-contact force?
Yes it can. When you use a magnet to pick up iron, you are pulling the south pole to the north pole.
- What mechanical systems use a pull force?
When riding a bike, the chain pulls on the spokes, which in turn pull on the wheel. To operate a spring balance, you use the pull force.
Twist
The twist force is also known as torsion and is the force of turning two ends of one thing in different directions.
Torsion is a major problem in engineering, and is normally caused by too much tension which is caused by the pull force.
An example of torsion would be if you tied a knot with very wide string. In that knot, you would need to turn the string at some point, and therefore would be twisting the string.
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- Can you convert a push force into a twist force? Yes because each side of the thing getting twisted is being pushed, and therefore you could use that push to twist something.
- What mechanical systems use a twist force?
I couldn't find any.
- Why is a twist force not technically a force?
I think this is because you are putting two forces on an object when you twist it, instead of only one.
Friction
Friction is the resistance of motion when one object rubs against another. The energy doesn't disappear though, it turns into heat energy. This is why your hands turn warm when you rub them together. Friction happens because no surface is perfectly smooth. Rougher surfaces have more friction, but less rough surfaces have less friction. This is because friction is caused by little bumps rubbing on each other and making an object take longer to get over those bumps.
Friction is one of the main reasons why perpetual motion machines aren't possible. A perpetual motion machine is one which goes on forever, and therefore could be put into someone's heart to make them live forever.
An example of friction is if you throw a ball through the air, and then throw the ball, but this time rolling on a table. The friction of the table against the ball is greater than the friction of the air against the ball, and therefore the ball would go further in air.
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Normal
Normal force is the support force of an object holding up another object. It can only be the same as or less than the weight of the object it is supporting. This is because it is supporting the weight of the object and not pushing up against that object.
Normal force is used all the time from the bridge building activity I'm doing currently in design tech, to the table supporting my laptop right now.
Normal force has been used by humans science we developed the ability to build homes, because those homes, had to withstand the weight of all the rain and stay standing.
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Non-Contact Forces
Gravity
You sticking to the ground is a result of the gravity of the earth. This is because the Earth's gravity is far greater than yours, because of the mass, and you get attracted to the Earth. The Earth is also slightly attracted to you, but only by a tiny bit.
Gravity is a force which attracts any object to any other object. Gravity increases as mass increases. It is most accurately described in Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation. He says that gravity is a force which causes any two objects to be attracted to each other, with the force proportional to the product of their masses, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. It is written as: F =(m1xm2) / r². F=force of gravity, m1=mass of first object, m2=mass of second object, r=distance.
Gravity is one of the most important forces. It makes the planets go round the sun, it makes black holes, and it made the planets out of tiny chunks. The reason why gravity causes the planets to orbit the sun, is because the planets are constantly falling. They just have a lot of sideways momentum. This momentum causes them to constantly fall towards the sun and miss it, keeping the same speed from the constant falling.
- What happens when the Sun and the Planets are Further apart in the Gravity Simulator?As the planets are placed further and further away, they move towards the sun slower and slower. This is because of the formula I mentioned earlier. As it said, the masses are divided at the end by the distance, which means that if the distance is great, there will be less gravity acting upon an object.
- How does the mass of the sun and the planet effect their motion?
If the sun is bigger, the planet will be pulled towards it more, and if both objects are big, the planet has a chance of "consuming" the sun. This is because gravity is greater for things of more mass, and bigger planets and suns have more mass.
- Now try the Sun without the red G, what difference does that make?
The Sun is now affected by the planet's gravity, like in real life. This means that the sun will move towards the planets, as well as the planets moving towards the sun. This happens in real life because all objects have gravity.
- What do you need to do to create a circular orbit?
I couldn't create a perfectly circular orbit, however I figured out that you need to send the planet out with a lot of force so that it will constantly be falling towards the sun.
- How many stable orbits can you make that do not overlap?
I think that you could create an infinite amount of stable orbits, because there are a lot of sizes of planets. My maximum amount of stable orbits, after five tries, is shown in the picture.
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Magnetism
When I attracted paperclips to a magnet, I was using magnetic force or magnetism. This also happened when I drove the positive side of a magnet against the positive side of another magnet they repelled each other.
Magnetism is a force that can attract or repel objects that have a magnetic material like iron inside them. Objects that can do this are called magnets. There are two parts of a magnet. They are positive (the south pole) and negative (the north pole of a magnet). Both ends attract iron, nickel, steel and cobalt, because when the atoms in those metals are exposed to the magnetic field of a magnet, the atoms begin to align their electrons with those of the magnet. All magnets have a north and a south pole. Even if you chopped the south part of the magnet off, the new halves of the magnet would both have a north and south pole. The magnetic field of a magnet always flows from the north pole of the magnet.
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In the 1500s, William Gilbert discovered how magnets worked. However, before this, people had basic knowledge of magnets. In fact, the first compass was invented in around 206 BC.
Electrostatic
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When you rub your hair on a balloon, the balloon will react with a negative electrostatic force and attract other objects. This happens because of an imbalance between the protons, neutrons and electrons in your hair which causes the extra electrons (which are negatively charged) to the balloon. You would have to put around 192.9 electronically charged balloons on someone to kill them.
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One spark of static electricity can measure up to thousands of volts, but doesn't last very long. Lightning is a very dangerous example of static electricity, which has killed 30% of the people it has struck. Most people consider static electricity to be discovered by Ewald Georg von Kleist in 1745, however other evidence shows that the Ancient Greeks were experimenting with it 2000 years ago.
Extension
Non-contact forces often have a field around them because they influence things from a certain distance away. This distance away forms a field around that object. The magnetic field is shown in the magnetism section. The gravity of a sun is shown by how far the planets can be away before floating away from the sun, and the electrostatic field is shown in the picture.
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An additional non-contact force is nuclear force. It destroys everything around it by spitting an atom, creating a field expanding out from the force of that atom breaking.
The four fundamental forces are gravitation, electromagnetism, the weak interaction, and the strong interaction. All of the forces in this concept map are types of one of these forces.
