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The Nature of Reference in Text and in Discourse - Coggle Diagram
The Nature of Reference in Text and in Discourse
Text
Is the verbal record
Texture
This is what distinguishes it from something that is not a text. Is the primary determinant of whether a set of sentences dor or do not constitute a text depends on cohesive relationship
Cohesive Relationships
Is the feature that provide the texture to constitute a text.
Anaphoric
Is a function that gives cohesion between two sentences to interpret them as whole, the two sentences together constitute a text
Markers
Type of explicity markerd cohesive relationship in texts is indicated by formal markers which relate what is about to be said to what has been said before. Markers like "and, but and then"
Co-referential forms
Are forms which instead of being interpreted semantically in their own right, make reference to something else for their interpretation.
Exaphoric relationship
Where an interpretation lies outside the text in the context of situation, the relationship is said to be an exophoric relationship which play no part in textual cohesion.
Endophoric Relations
Where the interpretation lies whithin a text they are called endophoric relations and do form cohesive ties within the text. Are two kinds of relations.
Cataphoric Relations
Those which look forward in the text for their interpretation
Anaphoric Relations
Those which look back in the text for their interpretation
The Meaning Lexical Item
The meaning of lexical item is partially determined by it's sense that is the component properties of "animate" "fethered" etc.
Reference or Lexical Item
Is the set of objects in the world to which the expression can be correctly applied
Sense
Component with properties of meaning
Denotation
A set of objects to which it can correctly be applied
Discourse Representation
An analytic distinction can be made between what is in the world and what we might describe as the representation in the mind of a person of what is in the world
Speaker
A person that produces a piece of discourse, it will be based on his/ her individual representation of a particular state of affairs
Hearer
A person that receives the discourse will normally try to build a representation (a model) of the state of affairs communicated by the speaker
Identification
When the hearer will build a representation of the discourse wich will contain representations of entities introduced by the speaker through the use of referring expressions.
Ambiguity
When you are citying without contexts
Referential Function of Pronouns in Discourse
Description that has a specific relation to the intended individual referent
Anaphora
Covers any expression which the speaker uses in referring on the basis of which the hearer will be to pick out the intended referent given certain contextual and co-textual conditions.
Antecedent Predicates
When speakers use of pronouns that is indeed influenced by the predicates attached to antecedent nominals
New Predicates
Is the inadequacy of the substitution approach is even more apparent in those situations where a pronoun occurs in a discourse with no antecedent nominal at all.