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Waves - Coggle Diagram
Waves
Chapter 1.2: Waves Have Measurable Properties
Waves have aplitude, wavelength, and frequency
Measuring Wave properties
A crest is the highest point, or peak, of a wave
A trough is the lowest point, or valley, of a wave
Amplitude for a tranverse wave is the distance between a line through the middle of a wave and a crest or trough
Amplitude is important because it indicates how much energy a wave is carrying
The distance from one wave crest to the very next is called the wavelength
The number of waves passing through a fixed point in a certain amount of time is called the frequency
How frequency and Wavelength are related
When frequency increases more wave crests pass a fixed point each second
as frequency increases, wavelength increases
as wavelength increases, frequency decreases
Graphing Wave Properties
There are buoys that move with the waves, and they have devices on them that keep track of the waves
the buoy tracks when it is at the rest point, above it, and below it
Wave Speed can be Measured
Speed=wavelength * frequency
Chapter 1.1: Waves Transfer Energy
A wave is a disturbance that transfers
energy from one place to another
Forces and Waves
Example 1: Rope Wave
You apply one force to the rope by flicking it upward and an opposite force when you snap it back down
This sends a wave through the rope
Both forces-the one that moves the rope up and the one that moves the rope down-are reqired to start a wave
Example 2: Water Wave
Forces are also required to start a wave in water.
If you put your finger in a calm pool of water, the water rushes back after you remove your finger
The force of your finger and the force of the water rushing back send waves across the pool
Example 3: Earthquake Wave
An earthquake is a sudden release of energy that has built up in rock as a result of the surrounding rock pushing and pulling on it
When these two forces cause the rock to suddenly break away and move, the energy is tranferred as a wave through the ground
Materials and Waves
A medium is any substance that a wave moves through
Example: Water is the medium for an ocean wave
Waves that transfer energy through matter are known as mechanical waves
Waves can be Classified by how they Move
Tranverse waves
In a tranverse wave, the direction in which the wave travels is perpendicular, or at right angles, to the direction of the disturbance
the wave itself moves crosswise compared with the vertical motion of the medium.
water waves are transverse, the up and down motion of the water is the disturbance, the medium is the water, and the wave travels at a direction perpendicular to the direction of the disturbance
Longitudinal Waves
In a longitudinal wave, the wave travels in the same direction as the disturbance
Can be started in a spring by moving it forwards and backwards
AKA compressional waves
Chapter 1.3: Waves Behave in Predictable Ways
Waves Interact with Materials
Reflection
The bouncing back of a wave after it strikes a barrier
Refraction
The bending of a wave as it enters a new medium at an angle other than 90 degrees
Diffraction
the spreading out of waves through an opening or closing around the edge of an obstacle
Two identical waves can also add together
This adding is called constructive inference
the two identical waves add to create another wave, that wave has larger crests
Two opposite waves can add together
WHen this happens, there is no longer a wave
This is called destructive inference