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Lec: 37 Environmental Nutrient Cycles - Coggle Diagram
Lec: 37 Environmental Nutrient Cycles
Cycles
Nitrogen
Nitrogen Fixation
nitrogenase
2 Types
N2 -> NH4
Dissimilatory
N2 to NH2 groups
nitrogen to amino groups on AAs
Assimilatory branch
Nitrogen Assimilated into cell structures
Amino groups need to become inorganic ammonia to continue cycle
denitrification NH2 groups to NH4
called ammonification combined
Nitrification
NH4 (Ammonia) e- donor
e- donated to O2
make H2O
use up a lot of O2
high BOD
Biochemical oxygen demand
get rid of ammonia waste
Denitrification
use NO3- as terminal e- acceptor
anaerobic respiration
NO3- -> N2
NO2- + NH4 -> N2 +2H20
Anammox
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation
Carbon
Producer Cycle
Anaerobic
CO2 to Organic Carbon
Cyclic Photosynthesis
Purple sulfur photosynthesis
Green Sulfur Photosynthesis
chemoauto
Aerobic
CO2 -> Organic Carbon
Non-cyclic photosynthesis
Algae
Cyanobacteria
Plants
Use Sunlight as energy
Redusing CO2
Consumer Cycle
Aerobic
Carbon source -> CO2
Respiration
Plants
Animals
Microbes
Heterotrophs
Anaerobic
Fermentation
:red_cross: produce PMF
Anaerobic Respiration
Produce PMF
Oxidizing Glucose
C1 Branch
Only require 1 carbon molecule carbon source
How reduce CO2 without putting 2 C molec together
:check:
reduce CO2 -> Methane (CH4)
methanogens
archaea
lithotrophs
Methylotrophy
Methane -> CO2
Sulfur
Sulfate reducing Bacteria
Use e- donor and donate e- to sulfate
produce H2S as product
Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria
Use e- from H2S/S and donate them to O2 to make sulfate
Biospheres
What kind of biospheres exist
Low nutrients
AKA oligotrophic environ
Overcome by transport few nutrients efficiently
ABC uptake systems
Use biofilms
Concentrated & specialized nutrient harvesting cells
Rich Nutrient
Main Strat
Competition
Prod bacteriosins
kill others
quoromones
comm
to sense and then overcome competition
Flowing by quickly
shear forces
main strat
attachment to surface
sheath
like a sticky capsule
trap nutri that flow by
Diverse
Soil
main strat
rapid adaptation
grow in microcolonies
distribute pop in small groups
if one area changes, species still alive in other area
change gene expression
inducers
corepressors
2 component regulatory systems
can sense environment of cell
succession
one organism gives way to another
change environment for the next one
e.g. lactic acid bac
as acidity change diff organisms succeed the other
Producer-Consumer-Decomposer relation
These 3 types of organisms needed to make a biosphere
Symbiosis
Fungal-plant association
mycorrhizae
Fungi growing in roots of plants
ecto
wrapped around outside of plant root
e.g.
truffles
increase absorptive area of root
sharing carbon
Endo
live inside root cells of plants
imp for phosphorus uptake
Fungal-Algal
Lichens
combo between
photosynthetic org
algae
