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SA gastrointestinal nematodes - Coggle Diagram
SA gastrointestinal nematodes
Round worm
Toxocara canis
Pathogenesis
<2-3 months age
Low HR - patent infection
Active parasite
Eggs in faeces from 19 days old
3 months age
High HR
Stimulated by larvae migration
Larvae inhibited at L2 in somatic tissue
Expel worms at 6-9 months
Larval migration
Tracheal
Dormancy in various tissues
Route of transmissions
Paratenic host
Direct ingestion
L2 encysted in egg
Transmammary
L3 ingested by suckling puppy
No migration within pup
1st 3 weeks of lactation (L3)
PPP: 19 days
Transplacental
Last trimester (3 weeks)
L2 infects fetal lung
PPP : 19 days
Treatment / control
Remove access to environment
Paratenic hosts
Dog feces
Deworming (anthelmintics)
Remove L4 and adults in GIT
Pyrantel / febantel
Pregnancy
Nutrition
Improve immunity
Toxocara cati
PPP: 8 weeks
Routes of transmission
Transmammary
Non-migratory
Direct ingestion
Tracheal migration
Parantenic host
Hookworm
Ancylostoma caninum
Temperate / sub-tropical climates
Ingests blood
100 worms - 10 ml blood daily
PPP: 14-21 days
Uncinaria stenocephala
Temperate climates
Lower temperatures
Ingests tissue fluids
Lacks dorsal teeth
Hypoproteinemia
Oral ingestion (L3)
Paratenic host
Without pulmonary migration
Treatment / control
Environment
Spell area
90% L3s die / month
Clean up feces
Deworming
Late to midterm gestation
Neonates
Whipworm
Trichuris vulpis
Clinical signs
Foul smelling diarrhoea
Frequent defecation (tenesmus)
Blood ill-thrift
Abdominal pain
Diagnosis
Faecal egg floatation
70-90 microns length
Sporadic egg production over days / weeks
Treatment
Reinfection common
Recurring - febbantel , milbemycin