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The Drums of War (1901-1925) - Coggle Diagram
The Drums of War
(1901-1925)
The Edwardian Age
When Queen Victoria died, the royal house took the Germanic surname of Prince Albert of
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.
Victoria’s son Edward reigned until 1910 as
Edward VII
.
His greatest achievement was in foreign policy.
The
Entente Cordiale
signed with France in 1904.
The
Liberals
won the general elections in 1906.
They introduced reforms to help three groups of people:
Children from
poor families
1907
: Free school medical inspections.
1908
: The Children’s Charter gave children some
legal protection. It restricted the sale of alcohol and
cigarettes.
1906
: Free school meals.
Old people
1908
: The Old-Age Pensions Act, which introduced
pensions for people over 70.
Workers
1911
: The National Insurance Act, which gave people
the right to free medical treatment and unemployment
pay (the dole).
1910–14
: A series of
strikes
was called because of high prices and low wages. They were remarkable for the number of men involved and for the violence which often accompanied them.
The Suffragettes
At the beginning of the 20th century only men were
allowed to vote.
A few educated ladies had been arguing in favour of
voting rights for women since the 1860s.
In 1903
Mrs Emmeline Pankhurst
and her daughter
Christabel founded the
WSPU (Women’s Social and
Political Union).
The
Suffragettes
, as they were called, protested that
women should be able to vote.
The WSPU began to
break the law
to gain publicity and support.
They began a
campaign of vandalism
:
they
chained themselves to railings
outside
Downing Street and Buckingham Palace;
they made
arson attacks
on post boxes,
churches and railway stations.
The
Government
dealt with the protests
harshly
and sent many Suffragettes
to prison
.
In prison some women went
on hunger strike
to draw attention to their campaign. Prison
authorities began
force-feeding
them.
Women over 30 would gain the vote in 1918, while suffrage would be granted to women over 21 in 1928.
World War I
general information
Britain declared war on Germany on 4th August
1914
.
The war ended on 11th November
1918
.
Almost
8,000,000
people died.
Almost
22,000
were wounded.
The war was known as ‘
the war to end all wars
’.
outbreak of the war
The domino effect
First Austria declared war on Serbia.
Then Russia declared war on Austria.
Next Germany joined with Austria.
Finally France and Britain declared war on
Austria and Germany.
conducting the war
The Germans attacked France
through Belgium
.
The French
counter-attacked
but were pushed back.
The Russian’s
rapid
mobilisation
surprised the Germans, who were forced to move some troops to the Eastern front.
Stagnation and
trench warfare
in the West.
trench warfare
Technology superior to tactics
Machine guns
vs a human charge
New technology =
poison gas, airplanes
Very high death rates
Battle of the Somme
= 600,000 Allies and
500,000 Germans died for 125 miles of land
Battle of Verdun
= 700,000 killed on both
sides with no gain in territory
wider involvement
Soldiers from the
British Empire
from Canada, Australia and New Zealand
volunteered
.
.
War at sea initiated US involvement
Americans initially supplied both the Allies and the
Central Powers
A blockade brought the sinking of US ships
Germans killed 1,000 Americans
Americans entered the war on the side of the Allies
in
April 1917
the end of war
Versailles Peace Treaty
signed by British Prime Minister Lloyd George, Georges Clemenceau of France, American President Woodrow Wilson and Vittorio Emanuele Orlando of Italy.
Woodrow Wilson ->
League of Nations
, an organisation in which the representatives of the world’s nations would try to discuss and settle their differences without resorting to war.