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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM - Coggle Diagram
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
ALTERNATIVE TREATMENTS
Immunotherapy
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This therapy requires enhanced immune recognition of specific tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), which are expressed within the major histocompatability complex (MHC) of tumor cells. Once identified by immune effector cells such as cytolytic T cells, the tumor cells are selectively destroyed.
Cryotherapy
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Advantages: Less blood loss, shorter recovery period, less swelling and less pain than surgery.
It is done by inserting ultra-thin metal probe or needle into the prostate gland. A warm saline solution flows through a catheter to protect the urethra. A freezing liquid such as argon gas is infused through the probe into the prostate gland. The intense cold freezes the prostate and destroys the cancer cell.
Brachytherapy
Radioactive sources will be placed in prostate , where radiation kills cancer cells while causing less damage to healthy tissue nearby.
Types
HDR - radioactive sources temporarily placed in prostate & high dose of radiation delivered in few minutes before the sources are removed.
LDR - Permanent placement of radioactive seeds in prostate where they slowly release radiation over several months.
Adavantage - reduced damage to normal tissue. less side effects, quick recovery
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TREATMENT OPTIONS
Testicular Cancer
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Stage IIA and IIB
Radiotherapy to ipsilateral external iliac, b/l common iliac, paracaval and paraaortic
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- Radical Orchiectomy
- Adjuvant Radiotherapy
- Chemotherapy
Prostate Cancer
Low risk: (T1-T2a), PSA < 10ng/mL, GS < 6)
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- Prostatectomy
- EBRT (Radical or Whole pelvic RT)
- Salvage RT
- Brachytherapy
- Hormonal therapy (HT)
- Chemotherapy
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