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CHAPTER 8:ETHICAL AND PROFESSIONAL ISSUE - Coggle Diagram
CHAPTER 8:ETHICAL AND PROFESSIONAL ISSUE
8.1 Innovation Social Issue in IT
Definition
improves on or makes a significant contribution to something that has already been invented
Type of Innovation
Exploit new market
New source for purchasing raw material
Introduce new production process
New way of organizing business activities
Produce new goods
Rules of Innovation
People affected by and have an effect on an innovation
Innovation disrupts status quo
Innovation are new to a community
Innovation are a shared responsibility
Successful innovation require continual modifications
Features matter
Changing Communication Paradigm
Paradigm
Describe the set of experiences,beliefs and values that affect the way of an individual perceives reality and responds to that perception
Communication Paradigm
A pattern or model that allows people to communicate to another person in order to give information about people needs and desire
Communication
The process of exchanging information between two ore more people through a common medium
Form of Presentation
TV
Stand alone launching
Public kiosk
CD-ROM
Web-based(internet)
Hybrid CD-ROM
Virtual Reality Simulation
IT and Community Issue
Community and Isolation
The access issue
Effect of Technology on Community
Education
Health care
Local government
Business
Home
8.2 Culture: Eastern, Western and Malaysia Societies
India
Aadhar project
The India Innovation Growth Programme
Created a trend known as "frugal innovation"
United States of America
Creative destruction
International patent data
Disruptive (unsettling) innovation
Maximize innovation culture
Innovative interest
Malaysia
Team innovation
Creating change
Empowerment
Capability development
Customer focus
Organizational learning
China
Breakthrough in B2C and B2B sector
Deeply understanding Chinese customers
Retaining local talent
Instilling a culture of risk taking
Promoting collaboration
8.3 Evolution of Computer Technology Impact in Digital Generation
Digital Generation
A generation of children who've grown up with video games, computers, touch-screen tablets, mobile phones and virtual reality
Impact
Positive
Enhanced teaching and learning
Globalization
No geographical limitation
Negative
Declining writing skills
Increasing incidents of cheating
Lack of focus
Impact in digital generation's healthcare
Positive
Adoption of electronic health records
Minimally invasive surgeries
Negative
"Cheap" and easy way to escape doctor
Website such as WebMD should never replace doctor
Impact in digital generation's human body
Emotional Instability
Strained Vision
Hearing Lost
Impact of digital generation;s relationship
Group that affected
Friend and neighbor
Working places
Family
Militarist/Hospitals/Factories
Positive
More information
Longer life
Wider interaction
Advance service
Defense and surveillance
Negative
Mechanized destruction
Job issue
Isolation
8.5 The Ethical Guidelines for Computer Professionals
Ethical Behaviors Expected on the Computer Professional
Maintains professional competence
Understands relevant laws
Respect confidentiality
Respect and protection of personal privacy
Honest and fair
Avoids harming other
Respect property right
Software Engineering Code of Ethics and Professional Practice
Judgment
Management
Product
Profession
Client and Employer
Colleagues
Public
Self
Malaysia Board of Technologists Code of Ethics
Integrity
Competence
Professionalism
Benevolence
Diligence
Strive of Perfection
Professional Code
Strength
Code guide the members of a profession in ethical choices
Codes educate the members about their professional obligation
Code inspire the member of a profession to behave ethically
Weakness
Codes are not always helpful when two or more directive conflict
Code comprise directives that are neither complete nor exhaustive
Codes include directives that tend to be too general and too vague
Responsibility, Legal Liability and Accountability
Responsibilities
Notion of guilt and shame apply, but no legal punishment or compensation need result
Legal Liabilities
Compensation can be required even when responsibility in a formal sense is not admitted
Accountability
Someone or some group is answerable
Guidelines and Professional Responsibilities
Understand what success means
Include users (in the design and testing stages to provide safe and useful systems
Pay attention to defaults
Do a thorough, careful job when planning and scheduling a project and when writing bids or contracts
Require a convincing case for safety
Design for real users
Be open and honest about capabilities, safety, and limitations of software
Don’t assume existing software is safe or correct, review and test it
Develop communication skills
Analyzing a Professional Ethical Scenario
Brainstorming phase
List all the stakeholders
List possible actions
List risks, issues, problems, consequences
Analysis Phase
Identify the responsibilities of the decision maker
Identify the rights of stakeholders
Consider the impact of the action options on the stakeholder
Find sections in codes of ethics that apply and categorize it
Consider the ethical merits of each option and select one
8.4 Professional Ethics and Responsibilities
Definition
Ethics that a person must adhere to in respect of their interactions and business dealings in their professional life
Computer Professional Responsibility
Making critical decision that have significant consequences for many people
Determining how to manage, select, or use computer in a professional setting
Maintaining relationship toward customers, clients, co-worker, employees and employers
Thinking about potential risk to privacy and security of data, safety, reliability and ease of use
Knowing and learning enough about the application field to do a good job
Honest in professional dealings, giving due credit for other people's ideas and not claiming for work that we have not done
Cannot use the institution's resources for non business purpose without permission
ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct
More specific professional responsibilities
Organizational leadership imperatives
General more imperatives
Compliance with code
Ethical View
Natural Rights
Consequentialist
Deontological
Reaching the right decision
Important Distinction
Positive Rights (claim rights)
Causing harm
Goals vs Action
Negative Rights (liberties)
Personal Preference vs Ethics
Right, Wrong , Okay
Law vs Ethics