Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Nutrients and cognition (Scarmeas et al.-Lancet-2018) - Coggle Diagram

- - - - even moderately raised (within the normal range) concen- trations of homocysteine might be associated with increased risk of dementia in people older than 65 years
      - Can be elimated via 2 pathways (vit B12/folate or vitB6. It raises when not enough of these as it is dependent on it to be eliminated.
- - - - 🌀no benefit - from most obs studies
      - 2 studies: incidence of AD reduced in those 55+ with high vit C intake + in those 65+ using vit C and D supplements
      - 1 study: higher plasma carotene = lower incidence of dementia and AD
    - - involved in multiple neurobiological pathways
        
        protection from neurodegeneration induced by inflammation or glucocorticoids
        
        decrease in amyloid-β production + increased clearance
      - sources: fish, lipids, and full-fat dairy products + sun
      - ✅ Meta-analysis (Jayedi et al. Nutr Neurosci. 2018): inverse dose-response relationship btw serum [ ] with no increase in protection at [ ] higher than 35 ng/mL
      - RCTs
        
        💠Schietzel et al. Am J Clin Nutr. 2019 https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article-abstract/110/1/246/5509913?redirectedFrom=fulltext
        
        🌀No benefit -but no control: comparing 800 IU to 2000IU
        
        Rossom et al. J Am Geriatr Soc 2012 - embedded in WHI https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23176129/
        
        🌀No benefit
        
        💠 in those with AD. Jia et al. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2019. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31296588/?from_term=vitamin+d+cognitive&from_filter=years.2018-2020&from_page=2&from_pos=2
        
        💠Castle et al. 2020. J Gerontol Series A. https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/article-abstract/75/5/835/5320009?redirectedFrom=fulltext
        
        High dose (4,000IU/d) affect negatively reaction time.
        Better performance in those taking 2,000IU in learning
      - Summary: up to adequate status and 2,000IU per day = benefits/protective ass.. Too high doses of supp = inverse effect.
    - - 🌀mixed results
      - 3 studies out of 8: lower incidence of dementia and AD with higher dietary vit E intake (55+ or 65+)
  - - - 🌀2 obs. studies: use supplements containing antioxidants vs food sources might decrease risk of cognitive impair. over 7 years
      - 🌀RCTs of supp with antioxidant = no benefit
  - - - rationale: cofactors for proteins or enzymes with antioxidative activity
      - ❔few studies on that subject