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Religion of Tudor England - Coggle Diagram
Religion of Tudor England
Middle Ages Religion
people fully believed in the reality of a spiritual realm
Britain was Roman Catholic
Jews were often attacked
1290 Jews were expelled from England
many poor people still believed in pagan superstitions, but if they were caught they were burned as a witch or sorcerer
majority of people strongly believed in Roman Catholicism and its values
1400s Lollards believed that people ought to be able to pray and hear the Bible in English - many were burned as heretics
the Church
Monasteries
looked after the old and sick
provided a place for travellers to stay
gave alms to the poor
looked after people's money
monks copied books and taught children
often had libraries
Monks and nuns
took vows
poverty
chastity
obedience
different orders
Benedictines (black monks)
Cistercians (white monks)
Franciscans (friars work in the wider community)
usually lived in closed communities
e.g. Fountains Abbey in Yorkshire
had running water, good toilet facilities, were much healthier places than medieval towns and villages
Places in a monastery
Church - where worship took place at regular times throughout the week
Cloisters - covered walkways around a courtyard where monks copied books, studied and excersised
Warming house - where a monk could go to warm his hands
Chapter house - where the monks met every day to listen to readings from the rule book and the Bible
Lavatory - where the monks washed
Reredorter - toilets
Infirmary - where the monks looked after the old and sick
Hospital - where travellers stayed and alms were given to the poor
Dormitory - where the monks slept
Refectory - where the monks ate
Cellarium - where the cellarer looked after the wine and beer
provided for the religious aspects of people's lives
people didn't have to work on holy days
put on processions and plays
Bishops sat in the House of Lords
could raise an army in the event of a war
mistake for the king to fall out with it
King John was excommunicated
Henry II was whipped in penance after the death of Thomas Becket
1300: 1 in 20 townspeople was a cleric
many knights tried to earn forgiveness for their sins by going on Crusades
Pilgrimages
many people went on them to try and reduce their time in purgatory
people who had been on pilgrimages wore a badge to show which shrine they had visited
Shrines had different symbols so that illiterate people could understand them
small bottle of oil - St Thomas Becket of Canterbury
shell - St James of Compostela
palm leaf - Jerusalem
cross keys - Rome
Tudor & Stuart Religion
people were beginning to question the Catholic faith
for example over the selling of indulgences
1517: Martin Luther nails his 95 theses to the door of the church in Wittenberg, which some say was the start of the Reformation
the first Protestants were attacked by their Catholic governments but gradually more countries began to follow Protestantism
Changes in religion by monarch
Edward VI - stricter Protestant, began to introduce reforms such as making church buildings more plain
Mary I - tried to restore Catholicism to England
Elizabeth I - tried to follow a moderate Protestant path, allowing Catholics freedom to practice their religion, but as more Catholics tried to overthrow her she began to persecute more Catholics and make England more Protestant
James I - tolerant towards Catholics but introduced strict anti-Catholic laws after the Gunpowder Plot
Charles I - tried to introduce Arminian reforms, which were unpopular
Oliver Cromwell - Puritan, tried to introduce stricter reforms to Protestantism
Henry VIII - split the Church away from the Pope, but essentially it remained Catholic
Charles II & James II - Catholics, both tried to relax laws against Catholics
William III - Calvinist Protestant, during his reign the 1701 Act of Settlement was passed only allowing Protestants to succeed to the throne
19th Century Religion
Religion in ordinary life
the parson was a very important person in the village
1836: parsons stop receiving tithes from their villagers
most people were members of the Anglican or Presbyterian Church but there were still some Catholics, as well as an increasing number of Quakers and Methodists etc
social life revolved around choir and Sunday School outings
many employers insiste that their employees go to Church
until 1829 anybody holding public office had to make a public oath denying Catholic doctrine, effectively banning Catholics from being civil servants, JPs or judges
1738: John Wesley founds the Methodist Church
Reformers inspired by Christianity
William Wilberforce - helped to abolish the British slave trade
Dr Barnardo - set up homes for poor children
William Booth - Salvation Army founder
after 1833 High Churchmen began to restore churches, decorating them and having lots of colourful rituals in services
30 March 1851: census finds that 40% of people (7 million) attend church
By 1900
10% of adults had signed a pledge promising to abstain from alcohol
more than 60,000 British missionaries working overseas
Christianity was beginning to be widely criticised and questioned
1835: Das Leben Jesu by David Strauss is published, damaging the faith of many people
Karl Marx described religion as the 'opiate of the masses'
1859: Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species is published, substituting Biblical creation of humans for the evolution from apes