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Learning Theories - Coggle Diagram
Learning Theories
Behaviorism
View of Learning
A change in behavior in student showing that they have learnt a new knowledge through the repetition and reinforcement of the same stimulus.
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Examples in Real Life
- A teacher could bring some sweets for the students who complete the tasks earlier as a kind of rewards that can enhance the positive behavior. This will be the extrinsic motivation to them.
Expert
1. Ivan P. Pavlov
- Classical Conditioning theory
- Generalization: The same stimulus will produce the same behavioral response
- B. F. Skinner
- Operant Conditioning theory
- The behavioral responses could be reinforced by giving rewards or punishment.
Cognitivism
View of Learning
Cognitivism will affect the students in terms of thinking and problem solving skills in their journey of learning.
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The students will be able to implement the knowledge that they stored in the memory in solving the problems.
Expert
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3. Atkinson and Shiffrin
- Information Processing Model
View of Knowledge
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Receiving information, processing information and storing information in short term or long term.
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Examples in Real Life
A teacher explain a particular topic in a very detailed manner in order for the students to learn about the knowledge. The teacher is transferring the knowledge to the students, and the students only received what is presented by the teacher. The students will then try to understand the topic and memorize the knowledge for their examination.
Constructivism
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Expert
1. Jean Piaget
- Cognitive constructivism
- Involve 4 phases of cognitive development
Motor sensory phase (birth-2 years old)
Pre-operation phase (2-7 years old)
Concrete operation (7-11 years old)
Formal operation (11 years old - teenage-adult)
2. L.S. Vygotsky
-Social Constructivism
- Social interaction is an experience that brings the learners to construct knowledge.
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Examples in Real Life
A teacher teach the basic concept of Calculus to the students and then giving them a HOTS question to find out more about its application in certain problems. Group discussion is carried out by the students. The teacher only guides them to get the idea of the question.
A person will learn the swimming skills only when he/she attend the training and practices but not only memorizing the technique.