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Pathogenesis of Dehydration Related to Nervous System - Coggle Diagram
Pathogenesis of Dehydration Related to Nervous System
Rabies
Caused by Lyssavirus
Animals get infected due to bites from rabid animals
Virus travels via peripheral nerves to spinal cord
Ascends to the brain and then eventually spreads to very innervated organ
Paralytic form of rabies caused ataxia and paralysis of the throat
Masseter muscle causing profuse salivation and inability to swallow water and feed
Fluid loss causing decrease in intravascular fluid volume so poor venous return
CO reduces leading to hypotension and hypoperfusion
Organs becom hypoxic, degeneration, and necrotic
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Nature of the virus also makes animal become hydrophoic
Tumor
Tumor of the Oesophagus
Applies pressure on the Vagus Nerve at the oesophagus
Increased in peristalsis
Sends stimulus to chemoreceptor trigger zone
Dopamine and serotonin released
Vomitting
Persistent stimulation
Increase in vomitting
Dehydration
Ischemic Stroke
The brain tissue necrotize due to no longer receives oxygen and nutrients
Lose of neurological function
Nerve that control the bladder can also be damaged
Cause detrusor muscle unable to contract and relax during urination
Animal paralyse
Paralysis cause the animal being less mobile, Inability to swallow water and feed
Animal may be undernourished, dehydrated. In chronic situation, animal may experience death
Caused by blockage of a blood vessel mainly artery that supplies the brain
Trauma
Injury to brain stem
Damaged area of brain stem tissue impairs it from functioning as normal
Dorsal vagal nucleus unable to receive and send information through the vagus nerve as the nucleus synapse is disrupted
Vagus nerves fail to receive information to activate the smooth muscles in the pharynx, larynx, and oesophagus upon water introduction
Animal unable to swallow water correctly
Animals fail to receive adequate water necessary for the body requirements
Animal becomes dehydrated
Hypoglossal nerve function impaired thus information for the motor control of the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue is lost
Animals like cats and dogs which greatly depend on their tongue to drink will not able to protrude their tongue to sweep water into their mouth
Example: Ishcemia, trauma, pressure necrosis such as neoplasia, etc
Non-effusive (dry) form of FIP virus induces a vasculitis involves the meninges, ependymal lining & choroid plexus
The virus forms pyogranumatous meningoencephalitis and lymphoplasmacytic periventriculis
Lesion more severe around the third ventricle
Causes ataxia
Cat loses jaw tone and inability to swallow water and feed
Animal becomes dehydrated
Cranial nerves V, VII, X, IX are affected & becomes dysfunctional
Lead to pharyngeal paralysis
Foreign body material
Ingesting foreign body material such as golf ball, socks, rocks etc