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Flukes in ruminants "Fasciola hepatica" - Coggle Diagram
Flukes in ruminants "Fasciola hepatica"
Geographic / climatic conditions
Access to water bodies
Irrigation - favours snails
Metacercariae
Water vegetation
Free floating in water
Winter
Snails hibernating
Larval development arrested
Asexual reproduction
Pathogenesis
Traumatic hepatitis
Extensive destruction of parenchyma
Pale and anaemic
Marked haemorrhage
Protein loss
Oedema - bottle jaw
Myiasis
Migrates through liver for 4-6 weeks
Liver rupture
Black disease
Infectious necrotic hepatitis
Maturation in gall bladder
Triples in size
2-3 weeks
Egg production
Shed in feces
Next 9 months
Bile ducts
Thickening - calcification
Liver and bile duct fibrosis
Diagnostics
Faecal sedimentation
Fasciola egg
130-145 microns
Distinguish from paramphistome eggs
Antibody detection
6 weeks post infection
Past exposure
Coproantigen
Detected 6 weeks after infection
Shed by flukes 2-3 weeks before egg production
Current infection
Gall bladder
Post mortem
Detect lesions
Multiple haemorrhagic tracts
Gall bladder
Immature flukes - 0.7-2mm
Calcified bile ducts
Decreased milk production
Adults: 20-30mm
Bile ducts
Clinical signs
Acute onset
Spring time
Warmth + rain
Fluke migration
Haemorrhage and blood loss
Barber's pole (Haemonchus contortus)
Ingesting blood from abomasum