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Weather and Climate - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Annual temp range
        
        max mean monthly temp- min mean monthly temp
      - Mean annual temp
        
        sum of mean monthly temp in year/12
      - Mean monthly temp
        
        sum of mean daily temp in the month/no.of days in a month
      - Diurnal temp range
        
        max daily temp - min daily temp
      - Mean daily temp
        
        Sum of hourly temp/ 24h
    - - Cloud cover
        
        more cloud cover= smaller diurnal temp range
        
        extent of sky covered by clouds, influences temp of earth day and night
        
        Absence of clouds: Day~>large amount of suns energy reaches earth~> earth heats up fast~>air near surface is warmer
        Night~> no clouds~> more heats radiated from surface escapes to space~> air near surface cooler
        
        Presence of clouds: Day~> clouds reflect large part of suns energy back to space~>cool earth surface~>Clouds absorbs heat radiated from earths surface
        Night~> clouds absorb heat radiated from earths surface and prevents its escape~>Air near surface is kept warm
      - Distance from the sea
        
        Maritime effect
        
        Winter: air above sea is warmer than air above land cos sea cools slower than land~>warmer air above sea = warmer coastal area compared to inland
        
        Coastal areas experience cooler summers and warmer winters
        
        Summer: air over sea is cooler than air over land cos land heats up quicker than sea~>cooler air above sea lowers temp of coastal area~>coastal area cooler than inland
        
        is the effect that large ocean bodies have on climate of coastal areas~>smaller annual temp ranges
        
        Continental effect
        
        Is the effect that continental surfaces have on climate of inland~>larger annual temp range
        
        inland far from sea~> temp not influenced by sea~>inland=warmer summers, cooler winters
        
        Sea heats up and cools slowly compared to land~>temp in coastal and inland areas are affected
      - Altitude
        
        Temp decreases with alt(height of place in relation to sea level)
        
        Temp decreases by6.5*C with every 1000m increase in alt
        
        Temp decreases with alt mainly cos atmosphere is mostly heated by the earths surface. Solar energy enters atmosphere~> reaches earth's surface in the form of longwave radiation. Abt 45% of shortwave radiation is directly absorbed by earth's surface ~> surface emits heat in the form of longwave radiation. . higher up in the atmosphere=further from surface of earth=Low temp. Longwave radiation that is emitted by earth is absorbed by greenhouse gases such as CO2 in the atmosphere. Atmosphere absorbs longwave radiation~> Solar energy is trapped~> earth is warmed.
        
        Reason 2: temp is low at high alt as air is less dense at higher alt. Dense air is able to absorb more longwave radiation~> higher temp
      - Latitude
        
        The distance of any point on earth measured N or S from equator( imaginary horizontal lines running from east to west around earth in *s)
        
        Equator -->0
        North pole --> 90N South Pole-->90*S
        
        MOST IMPT FACTOR AFFECTING TEMP
        
        Differs btw places at <altitudes and places with >altitudes
        
        Temp is lower at >latitudes cos solar angle is lower~>means that sun rays strike at <angle ~> solar energy is spread over wider area. When it is summer in N hemisphere, the N pole is completely exposed to suns rays due to tilt of earth~>N pole experiences months of sunlight
        
        Solar angles > at area btw Tropic of cancer(23.5*) and equator~> heat from sun is concentrated on small area~> higher temp
        
        S pole is completely shielded from suns rays and experiences months of darkness without sunlight during winter