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Chapter 9: Flowers and Reproduction - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 9: Flowers and Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
Fragmentation
Plant dies
End separates and acts as an individual
Flower Structure and Cross-Pollination
Monoecious and Dioecious Species
Essential organs
Stamens & carpals
Produce spores
Lack of an essential organ
Imperfect Flower
Flower with both
Perfect Flower
Non-essential organs
Sepals & petals
Dioecious
Species that may produce either
Staminate flowers
Carpellate flowers
Monoecious
Staminate flowers on same plant as carpellate flowers
Animal-Pollinated Flowers
Actinomorphic/regular
Radially symmetrical
Zygomorphic
Bilaterally symmetrical
Coevolution
Adapt for insects
Stigma and Pollen Incompatibility
Compatibility barriers
Chemical reactions btw pollen & carpals
Also blocks inbreeding
Wind-Pollinated Flowers
Stamen and Style Maturation Times
Stamen and style do NOT mature at the same time
Old flowers can be pollinated by freshly opened flowers of the same plant
Ovary Position
Superior ovary/Hypogynous parts
No fusion
Ovary is above flower parts
Inferior ovary
Upward around ovary
Epigynous flower parts
Half inferior
Perigynous flower parts
Partially buried
Cross-Pollination
Pollination of the carpet by a different individual
Self pollination
Pollination of the carpel from the same flower
Sexual Reproduction
Gametophytes
Microgametophyte
Generative cell
Two sperm cells
Pollen tube
Germinated pollen grain
Grows toward the style/ovary
Vegetative cell
Megagametophyte
Embryo sac
Central cell
W/ Two polar nuclei
Three antipodal cells
Egg apparatus
Two synergids
Egg/Megagamete
Fertilization
Plasmogamy
Fusion of protoplast & gametes
Karyogamy
Fusion of nuclei
Double fertilization
Endosperm
Flower Structure
Receptacle
Point were other parts are attached
Complete Flowers
Contain
Petals
Above the sepals
Corolla
Sepal and Petals
Perianth
Stamens
Above the petals
Androecium
Two parts
Anther
Pollen production
Filament
Stalk
Microsporocytes
Meiosis
Microspores
Tapetum
Nurse Cells
Pollen
Mature Microspores
Sepals
Lowermost/outermost
Modified leaves
Protect the bud
All referred to as
Calyx
Carpels
Gynoecium
Highest level of receptacle
Three parts
Style
Elevates the stigma
Ovary
Megaspore production
Placentae
Inside the ovary
Tissue that bear Ovules
Ovules
Furniculus
1 more item...
Central mass of parenchyma
1 more item...
Megasporocytes
1 more item...
Stigma
Catches pollen grains
Pistil
Pedicel
Stalk
Incomplete Flowers
Lacks Petals
Embryo and Seed Development
Suspensor
Two cotyledons
Radicle
Epicotyl
Hypocotyl
Abundant endosperm
Albuminous seed
Sparse/absent endosperm
Exalbuminous
The Plant Life Cycle
Gametes
Eggs
Sperm
Syngamy/Fertilization
Fuse with other gametes
Haploid animal cell
Zygote
Diploid cell
Fertilized Egg
Sporophyte Generation/Phase
Sporophytes
Diploid
Spores
Haploid plant cell
Mitosis
Gametophyte
Syngamy
Diploid sporophyte
Oogamous Plants
Mammalian gametes
Microgametes
Microgametophytes
Microspores
Megagametes
Megagametophytes
Megaspores
Two different individuals
Two types of spores
Heterospory
Two generations
Alternation of Generations
Sporophytes and gametophytes
Gametophytes do NOT resemble sporophytes
Heteromorphic Generations
Fruit Development
Fruit
Mature ovary
Three layers
Exocarp
Skin/peel
Mesocarp
Middle layer/flesh
Endocarp
Pit
Pericarp
One, two or all three layers
Fruit Types and Seed Dispersal
True Fruits and Accessory Fruits
Accessory/false fruit
Contain nonovarian tissue
True fruit
Contain ovary tissue
Classification of Fruit Types
Dry
Dehiscent
Break open and release seed
Indehiscent
Do NOT break open and release seed
Fleshy
Tomato,Apple,Cherry,Squash,Citrus
Simple fruit
Single ovary/fused ovaries of one flower
Aggregate fruit
Separate carpals of one gynoecium
Multiple fruit
All individual fruits of am inflorescence fuse
Inflorescences and Pollination
Flowers grouped together
Two arrangements
Inderterminate
Lower ones open first
Determinate
Terminal flower opens first then the lower ones
