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HISTORY TERM 2 YEAR 8 HistoryLOGO-1, Feudalism, Women - Coggle Diagram
HISTORY TERM 2 YEAR 8
Key concepts
Perspective
Perspective is your point of view
Cause and Effect
Cause
Cause is the reason something happened
The why and what of history
Effect
Effect is the outcome of something
Evidence
Evidence is the information discovered from historical sources
Continuity and Change
Change
Aspects that don't stay the same are called changes
Continuity
Aspects of the past that stay the same are continuities
Empathy
Empathy is the ability to put ourselves in someone else's shoes
Significance
Significance relates to the importance assigned to aspects of the past
Contestability
Contestability relates to explanations or interpretations of the past that are open to debate
Where and when of the medieval world
Where
Medieval was located in and around Europe, Africa and Asia
When
The medieval world was around
c.
590-1500
Key features of medieval Europe
Governments, laws and social structures
Over time laws and teachings evolved to become more complex
Conflict between societies
Their was many effects including: a large changes in the way societies were structured, the spread of new ideas, technologies, belief systems and goods, the development of new weapons, fighting techniques and defensive structures and the death of a large number of soldiers
There were many different causes of these conflicts including: a desire for power and control, a desire for land or territories, a desire or need for resources and a desire to convert people of different religions
Belief systems and religions
Beliefs and religions influenced the clothes people wore, the food they ate, the songs they sung and their understanding of the world
The spread of Christianity
When ancient Rome broke down, their was no longer laws or protection from barbarians. For a short period of time social order broke down and attacks on people’s homes were common.
Christianity gave hope to people during this time
Christianity is a religion based on the teachings of Jesus
During medial Europe’s early stages Christian missionaries traveled great distances to share Christianity with the rest of the world
The catholic church played a center role in the lives of everyone, from richest to poorest
Power
Influenced kings
Relationships with other societies
Important
Rules and laws
Only religion
Everyone educated in Church Doctrine
Influenced daily life
Care for the poor and sick
Marriages, deaths and births
Art's, education, medicine and agricultre
Trade between societies
The silk road was a 6500km-long network of trading routes
The effects of trade and new markets
As well as bring back new goods, traders brought back new diseases.The black death was spread by traders travelling across the silk road
Some merchants became extremely wealthy
Europeans begun eating potatoes and tomatoes as well as chewing tobacco from Americans and Americans were introduced lemon, sugar and wheat from Europeans
Feudalism
King
The King owned all of the land. He gave parts of the land (fief) to nobles. In return the nobles supplied the king with loyalty, taxes and military support
Nobles and church officials
The Nobles then gave sections of their land to knights. In return the knights would pay taxes to the Noble and supply them with military support
Knights
Knights then gave sections of their land to peasants. In return the peasants paid taxes to the Knights.
Peasants/serfs
If the peasant didn't have enough money to pay taxes, they worked on crops and gave them to their Lords (any one above them)
Social groups
The king
The king kept about 25% of the and for himself and granted permission for nobles and church officials to use the rest. The king enjoyed great wealth and privilege but most of the time he was spent planning or fighting wars and fending off challenges for the throne
Nobles
Below the king was a group of Noble families loyal to him. They often lived in manor houses built on land granted to them by the king. These manor lands were farmed by peasants and serfs who were allowed to live their by the Noble in exchange for labor and food.
Church officials
In medieval Europe the church was extremely powerful and influential. The pope and the church was supported by a large network of christian workers. These included cardinals, archbishops, bishops, deacons, abbots, monks, nuns, village priests and friars. Some of these people were often given fiefs by the king.By acquiring land and collecting taxes, the church became very wealthy. The church was not required to pay taxes.
Monks were usually the only people that could read and write.
Knights
Knights made up a small percentage of the population. Many were given grants of land from the lords. In return they were expected to protect their lords. Knights also revived an income in the form of food and supplies from peasants in return for protection.
Peasants and serfs
Peasants made up the largest group in medieval society. They undertook they bulk of the physical work. Their labor produced the goods and food needed by the wealthy. Peasants lived hard lives that were usually short. Farm work was difficult as everything was to be done by hand and tools were basic. Peasants went to bed early and woke up at dawn. Survival depended on working hard and being healthy
Daily life
Hygiene
Rich - The rich had warm baths called stews
Poor - The poor had cold baths because wood was to scarce to waste on heating up water
Fashion
Royal - Only people of royal blood were allowed to wear gold, silver and purple silk.
Noblewomen - Veils and dresses made from satin and velvet.
Wealthy people'd clothes were custom made by tailors.
Poor - Contrast, drab and dull in color. They were crudely cut, and made from course cloth woven by peasant women
Food
Rich - The rich ate meat, fish, fruit, soft cheese, eggs, colored jellies, vegetables, sauces, and soups, salads, white breads, pies and tarts, and ornate sweet dishes called subtleties. Food was washed down with ale, mead or wine.
Poor - The poor ate simpler and less variety of food than the rich. It included stews, grainy bread, vegetables and fruit, milk, hard cheese, porridge made from oats or barley, and perhaps some nuts from the forest.
Entertainment
Rich - The rich men participated in hunting, falconry and playing chess. The women participated in embroider, stitch tapestries and listen to musical performances.
Tournaments and fairs
What
Knights show off their skills to an audience
Known as a joust
People who attended tournaments could eat, drink and be entertained by musicians and performers
Joust
2 knights, each holding a lance (a long wooden pole with a pointed metal tip) would ride towards each other on horseback and try to knock each other off
Special lances were used that would shatter on impact to avoid injury
Who
Royal and noble
A stand was built for royal and noble spectators
Knights
Special armor was used. It was heavier and more ornate. The knights horse and armor was extremely expensive
Commoners
Social occasions for commoners with feasting, music, dancing and archery competitions
Squire
Help a knight put on his armor and mount his horse.
Poor - During small feasts their might be dancing, dice throwing, ball games and wrestling. The children played games like hopscotch and hide and seek.
The feudal manor
Each manor was owned by a noble or a knight
The lord of the manor provided peasants with land to live and in return they provided the lord with labor and taxes.
Manor lands were made up of demesne (the lords land) and peasants farmed land.
The feudal manor contained
Strips of land
Village church and grounds
Fortified manor house
Mill
Common
Well
Village
Stocks
Forrest
Who
Lord
Usually knight or Noble. Boss of the entire Manor
Serf
Did all the work in the manour
Hayward
Guarded the crops and made sure livestock didn't damage them
Steward
Looked after all business matters
Bailiff
collected and organised all taxes. Looked after repairs and helped the steward
Reeve
The chief serf of the village
The medieval castle
Who
The wealthiest and most powerful families
A whole community that could serve all the needs of the family
What it was made up of
Garrison
portcullis
Access bridge
Drawbridge
Castle gate and gate house
Garderobe
Main bedroom
Solar
The great hall
Freshwater well
Garden
Stables
Dungeon
Cool room
Kitchen
Workshops
Moat
Medieval crime and punishment
Courts
Manor court
More series matters, like a peasants son being educated without the lords permission were dealt with in the manor court
King court
The king court dealt with charges for treason
Village court
Minor matters like a women gossiping and nagging her husband were dealt with in the village court
Church court
The church court dealt with charges for heresy and witchcraft
Trial by ordeal
Ordeal by water
The accuse would put an arm in boiling hot water. Like ordeal by fire, if the wound did not begin to heal after 3 days they were guilty
The accused would be bound and thrown into a river. If they begun to float then they were guilty.
Ordeal by fire
The accused would hold a red hot iron bar, walk on hot coals and put n arm in fire. If they did not begin to heal after 3 days, they were found guilty
The accuse would make an oath to god to prove their innocence. The oath would be tested by trial by ordeal
It was believed that god would make the guilt fail the trial and the innocent pass the trial.
The Magna Carta
The Magna Carta was made in 1215
The Magna Carta meant that citizens had rights
Meant that everyone was subject to the law, even the king
Why
The Magna Carta was signed by king john because nobles were rebelling against his high taxes that he used to fund his unsuccessful wars in France
Time lines
BCE - Before common era
AD - Anno Domini
CE - Common era
BC - Before Christ
City life
Why did people move to city's?
Job opportunities
Wanted to start a new life
More people to buy goods
Disadvantages
The streets of the city were extremely dirty
Where were city's located
Most city's were located near water sources like the river or ocean because they provided good access to trading
Crusades
Benefits
New ideas
Greater knowledge
New inventions
New products
Foods
Spices
Perfumes
Pearls
Precious stones
New wealth
New wealth and power for the church
New customs
New power
Trade increased with the east
Peoples lives improved
New trade opportunity's meant greater wealth
With greater wealth came better living standards, health and better access to education
Between 1096 CE and 1270 CE
Consisted of at least 8 battles
Why
After the takeover of Jerusalem by the Seljuk Turks in 1050 CE . The Christians required access to the holly land as it was their sacred place. In 1096 CE the first crusade begun.
Feudalism
How feudalism worked
Relationships in the hierarchy were between lords (people higher up in the hierarchy) and vassals (people lower down in the hierarchy)
Society was organized under a strict hierarchy that was based on religion, law and social columns
Feudalism was a system of privileges and obligations for each person
Feudalism begun in Europe around 900 CE and spread across Europe over the next 150 years
Women
Cooked, cared for their family and animals, collected fire wood and wove cloth
