is the waste that collected and transported by means other than water.
- LANDFILL
TYPES OF LANDFILLS
3 STAGES OF DECOMPOSITION:
LEACHATE
liquid that moves through or drains from a landfill. It may be created after rainwater mixes with the chemical.
Modern landfills are designed to prevent liquid from leaching out and entering the environment.
- INCINERATION
SANITARY LANDFILLS IN MALAYSIA
Ayer Hitam sanitary landfills
Bukit Tagar sanitary landfill
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
Process of the destruction of waste by converting organic material to carbon dioxide and water vapour by fire.
How a waste-to-energy plant works
- Garbage is collected at homes and business.
- waste is delivery to the sites storage bunker
- Waste is fed into a combustion chamber and burned at high-temperature.
- Heat boils water in surrounding pipes to make steam.
- Steam turns a turbine generator to produce electricity
- Electricity is used for heating the plant or sent to the grid.
- Gases are fed through air pollution control equipment that cools, collects and cleans the gases.
- Gas is moved through a baghouse, or fabric filter to collect particulates.
- Emissions are monitored from a control area to ensure compliance.
- Ash is collected.
- Metals are extracted for recycling.
- Leftover ash is reused or disposed in landfills.
2 types of soild residue are generated from incineration
- COMPOSTING
Is a biochemical process in which organic materials such as lawn clippings and kitchen scrap decomposes to a rich, soil-like materials.
3 methods of composting:
b) Open Windrow Composting
c) Mechanical Composting
Hazardous waste (waste that poses substantial or potential threats to public health or the environment.
- Microbal
- Intention application of waste materials to soil.
- Land application of biodegradable waste works.
Surface Impoundment
Deep Well Disposal - device that places liquid deep underground into porous rock fermentation, such as sandstone or limestone
Other Alternative:
- Source Reduction
- Recycling and Resource Recovery
- Treatment
- Incineration
The 4 R's in waste management
To REUSE materials once they are formulated.
To RECYCLE materials to recover components that can be refabricated.
To REDUCE the amount of the material
To RECOVER the energy content of the materials if they cannot be used in any other way.
Recycling
- process of collecting used materials (waste) to be used as "raw materials" for production of new products.
Recycle Bin
Process of recycling:
i. old products are collected and processed, to made ready for the new products.
ii. manufacturing of new products from raw materials.
iii. process ends with purchasing of recycled goods.
How glass been recycle
How paper been recycle
How aluminium been recycle
Plastic recycling overview
Advantages & Disavantages
a) Composting by Trenching
- Land disposal- A secure landfill
Designed to:
- Confine the waste to a particular location.
- Control the leachate that drains from the waste.
- Collect and treat the leachate.
- Detect possible leaks.
a) Sanitary landfill
Designed to concentrate and contain refuse without creating a nuisance or hazard to public health or safety.
b) Open dumb landfill
Land disposal site at which solid wastes are disposed of in a manner.
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b) Fly ash - finely divided solid matter that usually trapped by environmental pollution to prevent it from released into the outside air.
More toxic (heavy metal)
a) Bottom ash - noncombustible materials
Type of hazardous
- Nuclear waste
- Industrial waste
- Universal waste
- Medical waste
- Household waste
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a) Aerobic phase, in this phase solid waste that are biodegradable (cellulose)
will react with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water. Weak acid also formed and some of mineral then dissolved.
b) Anaerobic acid phase, microorganisms do need oxygen to break
down the waste. The process of acidic fermentation is generate ammonia,
hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and large quantity of organic and inorganic compound.
c) Methanogenic stages (Methane gas production). Starts about 6 months to a year after coverage and produced methane gas with sufficient amount of water and warm temperature.