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Diagnosis of Infertility in Cows - Coggle Diagram
Diagnosis of Infertility in Cows
Identify the problem
Feeding
Specific nutrient deficiencies may be determined by comparing feed intake with calculated requirements.
Successful feeding management can usually be deternfined by the general health and physical condition of the herd
Management
For maximal fertility, cows should be turned out at least once and preferably twice daily for observation of standing estrus. Unfortunately, dairymen frequently are reluctant to perform this management practice.
individual life-time health record on each cow, with symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of all disease conditions.
Breeding at the wrong time in relation to the onset of standing estrus probably is the most important cause of infertility
History
should have an accurate breeding history availabe for each cow, incuding date of parturition, complications and treatments, and condition of the calf
This information may reveal a major herd problem of retained fetal membranes, metritis, anestrus, cystic follicles, repeat breeding, or abortions, so that attention can be focused on a specific problem.
Secure the breeding history of the herd before
visiting the farm.
Examination of the herd
Cows which have been anestrus for 5
months after service must be examined to confirm pregnancy.
The examination results should be reviewed and evaluated to determine the nature of the problem and the specific cows involved
search for signs of salpingitis, metritis, pyometra, cervicitis, or vaginitis.
All animals should be included except those which have been confirmed pregnant by palpation per rectum.
Collection of samples for laboratory examination
Uterine biopsies
collecting uterine biopsies for histopathological examination may confirm the presence of endometritis, an important cause of infertihty.
Endometritis may be from poor sanitation, complications or contamination at the time of parturition, or from pneumovagina during the postpartum period.
Blood samples
The results of these tests detect nutritional deficiencies or previous disease conditions in the herd.
Tests performed on blood should include hemoglobin, protein, calcium, phosphorus, vitamin A, and serological examination.
Uterine cultures.
The identification and sensitivity tests are beneficial in making an accurate diagnosis and in selecting the proper treatment, respectively
collecting uterine swabs for culture and sensitivity to determine the presence of pathogenic organisms in the uterus and their sensitivity to antibiotics
4.Evaluation of Information and Diagnosis
The history, feeding and management practices, data collected from the herd examination, and laboratory results should be evaluated to establish a diagnosis.
An accurate diagnosis can be achieved only by critically evaluating each of the above areas and then correlating all information