Electricity and Magnetism ⚡
Electricity
static electricity
Static electricity is an imbalance of electric charges within or on the surface of a material.
Charges
positive ➕
negative ➖
Positive charge is carried by the protons in material
Negative charge is carried by electrons
Friction
Friction, or rubbing together of two objects, causes an imbalance of electrons by transferring electrons from one object to another.
static discharge
Static discharge is the release of static electricity when two objects touch each other.
sloshing fuel in tank
rubbing balloons on your neck
Fields
An electric field surrounds an electric charge, and exerts force on other charges in the field, attracting or repelling them.
Electric Field Strength
Electric field strength is a quantitative expression of the intensity of an electric field at a particular location.
Non-contact force
A non-contact force is a force which acts on an object without coming physically in contact with it.
circuits
circuit is composed of individual electronic components, such as resistors, transistors, capacitors, inductors and diodes, connected by conductive wires or traces through which electric current can flow.
current
An electric current is a flow of electric charge around a circuit. The charge is already in the wires (carried by billions of tiny particles called electrons).
ampers
An ampere is the unit used to measure electric current. Current is a count of the number of electrons flowing through a circuit.
Types of circuit
series
A series circuit is a closed circuit in which the current follows one path, as opposed to a parallel circuit where the circuit is divided into two or more paths.
voltage
We define voltage as the amount of potential energy between two points on a circuit.
resistance
s defined as the ratio of the voltage applied to the electric current which flows through it
electromagnetic
a core of magnetic material (such as iron) surrounded by a coil of wire through which an electric current is passed to magnetize the core.