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Primary Brain Tumours - Coggle Diagram
Primary Brain Tumours
Epidemiology
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In adults, the majority are supratentorial
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In children, the majority occur in the posterior fossa
16th most common adult cancer - but is disproportionate killer in young adults (below 400, if they have a tumour at 40 they probably won't see 50
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Primary brain tumour incidence is around 8 per 100,000 - secondary brain tumours are more common
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Pathophysiology
Astrocytoma
- The most common primary brain tumour
- Graded by the WHO grading from I to IV
Oligodendroma (5%)
- Most common in 40-50s
- WHO grade II
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Other types include: ependymomas, meningiomas, neurofibromas, craniopharyngiomas
Clinical Presentation
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Symptoms of raised ICP
- Progressive headache
- Drowsiness
- May be vomiting
- Cardia sign is papilloedema
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Differential Diagnosis
Other causes of space-occupying lesion:
- Aneurysm
- Abscess
- Cyst
- Haemorrhage
- Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Diagnosis
Blood tests e.g. FBC, U&E, LFT's, B12 etc.
Biopsy - via skull burr-hole, to determine cancer grade and confirm
CT & MRI - determine the size and location of lesions, high grade tumours have irregular edges and high growth rate
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