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COMPUTERS & WORK - Coggle Diagram
COMPUTERS & WORK
5.2 The Impact on Employment
There is no doubt that technology in general and computing technology in particular
eliminate jobs
By making tasks more efficient, computers
reduce the number of workers required to carry out the tasks
Benefits
Some jobs have been created
Repetitive or boring jobs are done with computers
More time for creativity
Some workers “telecommute”
Employers can better monitor their workers
Problems
Some jobs have been eliminated
Health issues have been associated with computer usage
Need for retraining as technology change continuously
Less privacy to the employees when their jobs being monitored
In general, computers make many products affordable to more people . Thus, more jobs are created to make those products.
Changing Skill Level
The new jobs created from computers are different from the jobs eliminated
New jobs such as computer engineer and system analyst jobs require a college degree,
jobs such as bank tellers, customer service representatives and clerks do not
Companies are more willing to hire people without specific skills when they can train new people quickly
Telecommuting
work from anyplace by using technolgies
Fulltime and part-time telecommuting
Benefits
Reduces overhead for employers
Reduces need for large offices
Employees are more productive, satisfied, and loyal
Reduces traffic congestion, pollution, gasoline use, and stress
Reduces expenses for commuting and money spent on work clothes
Allows work to continue after blizzards, hurricanes, etc.
Problems
Employers see resentment from those who have to work at the office
For some telecommuting employees, corporation loyalty weakens
Odd work hours
Cost for office space has shifted to the employee
Security risks when work and personal activities reside on the same computer
Global Workforce
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Outsourcing
-phenomenon where a company pays another company to build parts for its products or services instead of performing those tasks itself
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Offshoring
-the practice of moving business processes or services to another country, especially overseas, to reduce costs.
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Inshoring
-when another company employs thousands of people in the U.S.
Problems and side effects of offshoring
Consumers complain about customer service representatives, because accents are difficult to understand
Employees in U.S. companies need new job skills
Increased demand for high-skill workers in other countries forces salaries up
5.1 The Changing Nature of Work
Computerization and work:
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Before 19th Century
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Farming as a dominant economic sector in the United States
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During 19th Century
– Industrial Revolution has seen the major shift from farm to factories as primary workplaces
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Middle 20th Century
– The rise of human service jobs in some workplaces and the beginning use of computers in business premises
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Today
– Most workplaces are equipped with computer system, controlled machine tools, and industrial robots to overtake human works
The use of computers and new technological equipments started to change
the way people work
the shape of organizations
5.3 The Work Environment & Employee Monitoring
Employee monitoring
is the act of watching and monitoring employees' actions during working hours using employer equipment/property
Situation of employee monitoring
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Past
- Employee monitored by logs, time clocks, and boss patrolled.
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Present:
1.Technology computers has made old methods more efficient
2.It also cause several big issue on privacy
3.Employers use of technology to monitor their employees
5.4 Analytical Tools in Monitoring
Categories of Employee Monitoring
Keystroke Data entry, phone work, and retail
Location
E-mail, Web surfing, and voice mail