India in a vicious trap of black magic, blind faith , idolatry , polytheism etc High position of priests and their version of scriptures - persuade anyone Depressing position - women-Birth unwelcome, Marriage Burden, Widow bad omen Raja Ram Mohan Roy - "Sati - a murder according to every shastra" Caste system - Untouchables - 20% of Hindu population. Also in other religions Opposition to Western culture - Missionaries, Modernization Awakening/Enlightenment of Indians - Educated Youth began to give up old traditions, consume beef, have wine, realization of colonialism, nationalism
Reformist movements - Brahmo Samaj, Prarthana Samaj , Aligarh movement
deformist movements - Brahma
Revivalist movement - Arya Samaj , Deoband movemen
Initially - social movements were more related to religion, but had narrow social base Later - slowly dissociated from religion, but penetrated to more strata of society Poems, drama, novels, short stories, press and later on cinemas