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Psychological Therapies, Biomedical Therapies, Psychotherapies - Coggle…

- - - - Freud, Sigmund - focused on the psychoanalysis therapies 
      - dream interpretation - a part of psychoanalysis consisting of manifest and latent content  
      - free association - psychoanalytic technique in which a patient was encouraged to talk about anything that came to mind without fear of negative evaluations 
      - resistance - occurring when a patient becomes reluctant to talk about a certain topic, by either changing the subject or becoming silent
      - transference - in psychoanalysis, the tendency for a patient or client to project positive or negative feelings for important people from the past onto the therapist 
  - - - authenticity - the genuine, open, and honest response of the therapist to the client
      - empathy - the ability of the therapist to understand the feelings of the client 
      - unconditional positive regard - referring to the warmth, respect, and accepting atmosphere created by the therapist for the client in person-centered therapy; positive regard that is given without conditions or strings attached
      - Rogers, Carl - focused on person-centered therapy falling under one of the humanistic therapies 
    - - Perls, Fritz - developed Gestalt therapy
- - - - arbitrary inference - draw a conclusion with no evidence
      - magnification and minimization - blow a negative event out of proportion or to ignore a positive event 
      - overgeneralization - drawing conclusion based on once incident and then attempting to apply the same conclusion to unrelated events
      - personalization - taking blame for an event which was unrelated to that person
      - selective thinking - focusing on one aspect of a situation while ignoring all other aspects 
    - - rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) - cognitive-behavioral therapy in which clients are directly challenged in their irrational beliefs and helped to restructure their thinking into more rational belief statements
  - - - systematic desensitization - behavior technique used to treat phobias, in which a client is asked to make a list of ordered fears and taught to relax while concentrating on those fears 
      - aversion therapy - form of behavioral therapy in which an undesirable behavior is paired with an aversive stimulus to reduce the frequency of the behavior.
      - exposure therapies - behavioral techniques that expose individuals to anxiety- or fear-related stimuli, under carefully controlled conditions, to promote new learning 
        
         flooding - technique for treating phobias and other stress disorders in which the per- son is rapidly and intensely exposed to the fear-provoking situation or object and prevented from making the usual avoidance or escape response 
        
        eye-movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) - exposure therapy where one is to rapidly move eyes while thinking of a disturbing memory
    - - modeling - learning through the observation and imitation of others 
        
        participant modeling - technique in which a model demonstrates the desired behavior in a step- by-step, gradual process while the client is encouraged to imitate the model
      - reinforcement - to strengthen a response 
        
        token economy - use of tokens to reinforce behavior  
        
        contingency contract - a formal, written agreement between the therapist and client (or teacher and student) in which goals for behavioral change, reinforcements, and penalties are clearly stated 
      - extinction - removal of a reinforcer to reduce behavior  
        
        timeout - an extinction process in which a person is removed from the situation that provides reinforcement for undesirable behavior, usually by being placed in a quiet corner or room away from possible attention and reinforcement opportunities