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Chapter 8: Structure of Woody Plants - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 8: Structure of Woody Plants
Vascular Cambium
Ray Initials
short, cuboidal
periclinal cell division
cambial ray initial
xylem pernchyma/phloem
Arrangement of Cambial Cells
ray initals
fusiform initals
short vertical rows tog
one cell wide(uniseriate)
two cell wide (biseriate)
many cells wide (multiseriate)
regular horizontal row(storied cambium)
irregular (nonstories cambium)
Fusiform Initials
long, tapered cells
periclinal wall
cell of secondary phloem/xylem
fusiform inital
anticlinal wall
Initiation of the Vascular Cambium
one of meristems that produce second body
cell divide no mature
fascicular cambium
interfascicular cambium
resume mitosis
Outer Bark
Lenticels and Oxygen Diffusion
lenticels
oxygen through intercellular spaces
contain more layers of cells/protrude
bases of cracks in bark
Initiation of Cork Cambia
variable
epidermis/cortex retained
cork cambium arise
epidermis
cortex
primary phloem
secondary phloem
subsequent cork cambia
Cork and the Cork Cambium
secondary phloem
cork cambium (phellogen)
cuboidal cells
inner cell remain cork cambium
outer cell differentiate cork cell (phellem cell)
few species, produce a cell or two inside
mature into layer parenchyma
Phelloderm
periderm
temporary protection
inner bark
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outer bark
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Secondary Phloem
formed from vascular cambium
axial
conduction up/down root/stem
angiospermss
sieve tube members,companion cells
conifers
sieve cells
albuminous cells=ray cells
fibers
radial
ray initials
phloem rays
parnchyma cells
storage
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Secondary Growth in Roots
conifers and woody angiosperms
vascular cambium arise
#
parenchyma cells between xylem/phloem
round cambium produce secondary xylem
push out more rapid
pericycle cells near protoxylem
when circular cambium
unequal growth stops/similar rates
vascular cambium
fusiform initials
ray initials
root wood not same as stem
Anomalous Forms of Growth
Anomalous Secondary Growth
sweet potato roots
storage parenchyma
vascular cambia arise
around vessel(s)
xylem/phloem parenchyma
as tater become large
hundreds cambia various age
vascular cambia
vessels
few sieve tubes
irregular matrix parenchyma
Included Phloem
eudicots
new vascular cambian arise
located between two bands xylem
Secondary Growth in Monocots
joshua/dragon trees
vascular cambian arises outside outermost vasc bundles
from cortex cells
#
only produce parenchyma;no conduct
narrow cells to secondary vascular bundles
fibers, thick secondary walls
Unusual Activity of the Vascular Cambium
cambium sectors
two very active
grows outward
thin, flat woody ribbon
two very inactive
remain thin
Unusual Primary Growth
Palms
trunks
not taper at tips/branch
does not grow radically
hard and woody
each vascular bundle enclosed in sheath fibers
primary tissue vascular bundles
primary phloem
primary xylem
shoot apical meristem
seed
not have full leaves/wide trunk
progress and added w/o secondary growth
adventitous roots
establishment growth
Secondary Xylem
Growth Rings
after quiescent
vascular cambium active
thin delicate leaves expand
Early wood(spring wood) first wood formed
cuticle thickens
late wood (summer wood)
1 year growth=annual ring
growth ring'
Heartwood and Sapwood
heartwood
center, darker, dry, fragrant
sapwood
lighter moister outer
vessels trachieds
water column break
no water up
wood parenchyma
tylosis
plug, push bubbles protoplasm,pits,vessel
Types of Wood Cells
tracheids
fibers
parenchyma
slereids
vessel elements
Arrangement
fusiform initials
axial system
ray initials
radial system
Reaction Wood
reaction to lateral stress
angiosperms
tension wood:most on upper side
rich in cellulose little lignin
conifers
compression wood:underside
less cellulose rich lignin