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Seed Plants II: Angiosperms - Coggle Diagram
Seed Plants II: Angiosperms
Concepts
Magnoliophyta
Division of clades that have arisen since embryophytes became distinct
Angiosperm Carpels
Most edges crowd against each other and grow shut
Closed Carpel
When a carpel closes completely where no sign of a seam remains
Double Fertilization
Where two sperm fertilize the plant
One fertilizes the egg
Another fertilizes a polar nucleus
Primitively Vesselless
Lacking vessels because their ancestors lacked them
Pistil
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Fusion of carpels into a single structure
Sympetally
Fusion of petals into one structure
Zygomorphy
Flowers that are bilaterally symmetrical, not radially symmetrical
Changing Concepts About Early Angiosperms
Ranalean Flower
Hypothesis where Magnolia type flowers are thought to be relictual
Generalized
Flower has all parts
Angiosperms
Monophyletic
Transition from gymnosperm to angiosperm
Occurred during the Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous Periods of the Mezozoic Era
Classification of Flowering Plants
Magnoliophyta
Extremely large group
Rare for an individual to attempt to study the entire group
Angiosperm classifications
Monocots
Eudicots
Basal Angiosperms
Early angiosperms diverged into several clades
Basal Angiosperms
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Contains living descendants of several groups
Uniaperturate
Pollen grains have a single germination pore
Monocots
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Commelinoid Monocots
Arecales
Palm trees
Palmae
Leaves occur near short apex
Poales
Cattails
Wind pollinated
Sepals are of little importance
Reduced to bristle-like structures
Zingiberales
Alismatales
Aquatic herbs
No transpiration
Result in loss of stomata
Tepals
Perianth members
Liliales
Monocots with large, colorful flowers
Asparagales
Septa
Carpels fused side by side
Septal nectaries
Carpels dont fuse all the way to the style
Open area secretes nectar
Dioscoreales
Only one family
Eudicots
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Basal Eudicots
Caryophyllales
Betalains
water soluble pigments
Perisperm
Nucleus cells proliferate and form nutritive tissue
Santales
Small order of highly modified plants
Rosid Clade
Fabids
Eurosids I
Malvids
Asterid Clade
Lamiids
Euasterids I
Campanulids
Euasterids II
