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Patient with history of osteoporosis, chronic type II diabetes mellitus,…

- - - - Ureters
        
        Urinary Bladder
        
        Urethra
        
        Tube that carries urine from the bladder to the body exterior
        
        Temporary storage reservoir for urine
        
        Paired tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
      - Filter waste and extra fluid from blood to create urine
  - - - Regulate blood pressure
        
        Regulate blood pH
        
        Contribute to red blood cell production via the kidneys
        
        Synthesize calcitriol (active form of Vitamin D)
        
        Store and remove waste
  - - - Each kidney contains about 1 million nephrons acting in parallel to make urine
        
        Each nephron creates a cell- and protein-free filtrate from blood
        
        From the filtrate, it recovers chemicals the body needs while also secreting into that filtrate selected chemicals that the body needs to eleminate
        
        Nearby nephrons empty their processed filtrate into one of thousands of collecting ducts, which convey urine into the renal pelvis
    - - Renal Corpuscle
        
        Glomerulus
        
        Glomerular capsule
      - Renal Tubule
        
        Proximal Convoluted Tubule
        
        Nephron Loop
        
        Distal Convoluted Tubule
      - Collecting Duct
- - - - Failure to sufficiently filter blood
        
        Can account for presence of blood in urine
  - - - Circulation of blood with high glucose levels damages blood vessels and kidneys
        
        Creates a cycle of increased hypertension
  - - - Starves bones of calcium
      - High levels of blood calcium can damage blood vessels
        
        Furthers cycle of blood vessel damage in kidneys
        
        Furthers cycle of hypertension
- - - - Causes blood vessel damage
        
        Damage of the kidney's blood vessels results in failure to filtrate, thus increasing blood pressure further in a cycle
      - Osteoporosis
        
        Can be caused by failure of kidneys to activate calcitrol and remove phosphorous