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DIAGNOSIS OF INFERTILITY, NAME: Shafiqah Syahirah Bt Hanafi, MATRIC NO:…

- - - - check for stage of pregnancy and repeat breeder
    - - determine stage of involution of reproductive tract & relate it to normally expected
      - search for sign
        
        salpingitis
        
        metritis
        
        pyometra
        
        cervicitis or vaginitis
    - - estimate the stage of the estrous cycle from
        the size and consistency of follicles and corpora lutea and consistency of the uterus
      - cows consider anestrus frequently have corpora lutea is suggesting silent estrus
    - - A record of the fertility of individual sires
      - to determine
        the cause of impaired fertility
      - measure sperm count and observe structure
      - check the testicular structure, penis and defect in the male reproductive organ
    - - determines bulls’ health, physical and reproductive
        soundness
      - screening out low fertility bulls
      - best checked as soon as bulls are penned with cows in
        the breeding pasture.
- - - - failed to conceive on third service
    - - problem of retained fetal membranes, metritis, anestrus, cystic follicles, repeat breeding, or abortions
  - - - fetus and placenta should be refrigerated
      - submitted for laboratory examination
      - serology study
    - - poor hygiene
    - - before 60 days
        postparturm is anestrus
      - short irregular
        estrous cycles are more frequent.
  - - - 30-day nonreturn percentage
        
        indicate condition of reproductive tract at time of first services
        
        problems in the herd
      - 60- to 90-day nonreturn percentage 8 to 10% less than the 30-day percentage
        
        too many early embryonic deaths
        or repeat breeders or both
      - First-service conception rate 5 to 8% lower than the 60- to 90-day nonreturn percentage
        
        bull studs
    - - cannot exceed 10% of herd
  - - - corpus luteum
        is found in a healthy nonpregnant
    - - The corpus luteum retained beyond normal duration
    - - early in postpartum period when it is 15-18days
      - acute uterine infection when it is 10-15days
      - short irregular interval indicate cystic follicles
- - - - bleeding occur about 30hr after service, bred at the proper time near the end of estrus ,
      - metestrus bleeding occurs before 24 hours
        after service, the cows are bred too late
      - if bleeding occur 36hr after servic, the cows are bred too early during estrus
- - - - to confirm presence of endometritis
    - - poor sanitation
      - complication
      - contamination at parturition
      - pneumovagina
  - - - hemoglobin
        
        average 10.67g/100ml
        
        below 9.8g/100ml show anestrus &repeat breeding
      - nutritional deficiencies
        
        calcium
        
        phosphorus
        
        vitamin A
        
        protein
        
        feed sample
        
        silage, hay, grain sample
      - serological examination
        
        Bovine rhinotracheitis
        
        Bovine viral diarrhea virus
      - leptospirosis & brucellosis