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DIAGNOSIS OF INFERTILITY IN COW, HISTORY, LIM CHIEN YEE FACULTY OF…

- - - - Date of last calving
        
        Previous fertility records
        
        Management
        
        Details of feeding and milk yield.
        
        Details of fertility of other cows or heifers in the group of herds.
        
        Calving-conception intervals
        
        Services per conception.
        
        Together with the information on the occurrence of dystocia, retained fetal membranes or pueperal infection.
      - Dates of service or inseminations, preferably with the identity of the bull.
      - If uncontrolled natural service is used, the the date when the bull was first allowed access to the cows.
- - - - Base of the tail for signs of rub marks.
      - Back and flanks for hoof marks.
      - Explore the vagina by hand or speculum.
        
        Examine the mucosa.
        
        Inspect the mucus and diacharge.
        
        Palpation per rectum.
        
        Palpate the cervix.
        
        To determine its position in relation to the pelvic brim.
        
        To determine the size.
        
        Palpate the uterine horn.
        
        To determine if involution is completed.
        
        Transrectal ultrasonography
        
        To confirm the nature of the structures.
        
        To confirm the absence of any signs of pregnancy.
        
        Access the texture of the uterus, the degree of tone, the mobility of the horn and the absence of adhesions.
  - - - To identify the presence of luteal tissue if the concentration is high.
      - 4-6ng/ml in plasma
        
        12-18ng/ml in milk
      - Sequential blood or milk progesterone assays over several days.
        
        To identify the presence off luteal tissue if the concentration is high.
        
        Better than single assays.
        
        4-6ng/ml in plasma
        
        12-18ng/ml in milk
        
        Specific serological tests
        
        Mucus agglutination test
        
        To identufy the presence of Campylobacter fetus
        
        Fluorescent antibody test
        
        Take single or paired blood samples
        
        For investigation of wide range of infectious agents
        
        Can be diagnostic for many disease.
        
        Phenolsulphonphthalein (PSP) test
        
        For tubal patency to demonstrate occluded uterine tubes.
    - - Lesions of the ovaries
        
        Congenital ovarian hypoplasia
        
        Cystic ovaries
        
        Neoplasms
        
        Abnormalities in the uterine tube
        
        Abnormalities in the uterus
        
        Abnormalities in the cervix
        
        Lesions of the cervix
        
        Abnormalities in the vagina and vestibule
        
        Abnormalities in the vulva
        
        4 more items...
        
        Cysts of Gaertner’s canals
        
        Obstetrical damage to the vagina
        
        Urovagina
        
        Neoplasm
        
        Uterine tumours
        
        Uterine adhesions
        
        Metritis, endometritis and pyometra
        
        Retained fetal membranes
        
        Segmental aplasia of the paramesonephric ducts
        
        Freemartinism
        
        Parovarian cysts
        
        Ovarobursal adhesions and lesions of the
        uterine tubes
        
        Neoplasms