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Responses to pathogens - Coggle Diagram

- - - - invade plant host- excretion of enzymes
        
        causing necrosis ( cell and tissue death), necrotic lesions
- - - - plasmodesmata
      - symplastic pathway
      - sieve tubes
  - - - result of interference with plant vascular tissue- xylem, phloem
      - ineffective transpiration
    - - galls and cankers- result of hormonal imbalance
- - - - avirulence test
    - - increase lignification of plant cell walls to prevent further infection
      - further aid defences in signalling transduction pathways
- - - - macrophague
    - - Epithelical cells help create a barrier
  - - - antigens that elicit an immune response
    - - non-self antigens
      - self-antigens
      - autoimmune disorders
  - - - Interferons
      - Chemokines
        
        attracting leukocytes to sites of infection and inflammation
  - - - defensins degrade and kill pathogens
      - macrophages
      - injured cells release cytokines that attract neutrophils ad mast cells release histamine
      - continues until pathogen is eliminated and wound is healed
      - Pathogens breach barrier
      - Fever
        
        result of inflammatory cytokines altering the body temperature in order to slow down the replication of bacteria and viruses by shifting away from the optimal temperature for them to replicate, allowing other body defences to intervene. Reducing the body temperature of a patient may prolong the infection as the temperature will go back to the optimal temperature for bacteria and viruses to reproduce and slow down the reproduction of leukocytes