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History- The story of the past - Coggle Diagram
History- The story of the past
Historical Concepts
Perspective
Perspective is a point of view – the position from which people see and understand events going on in the world around them.
Continuity and Change
Where something stays the same but their is a difference to something about it.
Cause and Effect
Cause and Effect is when an event has happened and you try to figure out the cause[what happened before] and the effect[what was the impact]
Evidence
Evidence is the information gathered from historical sources.
Primary- Evidence gathered from the time.
Secondary- Evidence that has come later after the event
Significance
The concept of significance relates to the importance assigned to aspects of the past. What's important and why is it imporant
Contestability
This concept is closely linked to perspective. You can have different opinion. No one knows what really happened is contestable. Contest, argue, battle.
Empathy
Helps us understand the impact of past events on particular individuals or groups.
Warfare
Aircraft
Were used to scout for enemy positions.Later they became armed with machine guns.
War at sea
Were initially used by Germans to attack and sink trade ships carrying important food and vital goods between allied countries.
Communication
Allowed faster contact between commanding officers behind the scenes and soldiers fighting on the front line. Development of the telephone and wireless radio systems allowed instant reports from the battle field to be passed to command centres.
Trenches- 4 types of trenches
Front line- Usually about 1 Km from the German's front trench.
Support trench- With men and supplies to assist those on the front line.
Reserve trench- More emergency supplies and men
Communication trench- Connected all trenches and allowed for the movement of messages, supplies and men
Gas
Germany introduced a poisonous gas called chlorine. It was blown over enemy trenches, burned and destroyed their respiratory tracks causing terrible pain and death. Other gases were introduced like mustard gas and tear gas.
Tanks
They were successful at overcoming barbed-wire obstacles and trenches. They were designed and built so quickly that they weren't always so useful and got stuck in the muddy trenches.
Guns and artilery
Machine guns- could fire up to 600 rounds of ammunition. They were heavy and difficult to move through the mud. Canons they could fire over a long distance.
Source skills
Purpose-The reasoning for it being made
Perspective-Point of view
Message- Story behind it
Usefulness- Good and bad things about it
Techniques-The way it was made/How it was made
Context- Back story
WW1
Causes
Militarism- Belief that all nations should build and maintain strong armed forces so that they are prepared to defend themselves. European countries competed with each other over the size of their armies.
Alliances- Europe's leading nations split themselves into 2 alliances.
Triple alliance- Austria-Hungary, Germany and Italy
Triple Entente- Russia, France and Britain
Imperialism- A policy by which a country increases its power by gaining control over new territories to create an empire. Britian and France began extending their empires which led to the race for new colonies.
Nationalism- Sense of pride in a love for ones nation. It can either unite or divide people in a nation. Feelings of nationalism contributed to small German Kingdoms forming into a German Empire.
Spark- The connection of all the causes
Australia's involvement- When Britain declared war on Germany, Australia automatically became involved. The men of Australia rushed to enlist in the force. The reasons for enlistment were that some men were driven by the desire to show what their country could contribute. Others went because of their loyalty to Britain.
Industrial Revolution-1760-1840
How it started.
Rise in British Empire
Britain's coal supplies-It is a vital fuel for steam power that then drove the Industrial Revolution
Naval power and Trading power-Its largest merchant trading company was East India. At its peak it rivalled many smaller European powers in terms of wealth and influence.
Individual Freedom and the Capitalist Spirit- The freedoms provided a fertile ground for those willing to try new methods and take risks.In other parts of Europe, government restrictions and and less individual freedom limited opportunities.
Stable Government- The stability of the government encouraged the growth of businesses.
Superior Banking System and Capital for Investment- It increased trade that was protected and had a supply of capital that was available at a very low rate.
Working Conditions
Children were seen as ideal employees but they were frequently exploited and injured and were payed at a lower rate than adults. Often started at age 4 or 5. The type of jobs that they had to do include weaving machines or acting as helpers in coalmines.
Living Conditions
Nobility-Some had country and town houses in London.Were waited by servants. Boys had nannies and attended elite schools. Girls were mostly educated at home then prepared for marriage.
Middle Class- Lived in houses in suburbs and commuted to work in the city. Over time women sought a university education. Boys went to grammar school girls were still expected to find a husband and learn how to run a home.
Poor- Lived in cramped houses in city slums and had no access to running water or sewage systems. Few poor people received an education.
ANZAC
Australian and New Zealand Army Corps was formed in 1915.
Gallipoli campaign Britain assisted Russia against Turkey to knock them out of the war. The allies landed on April 25th 1015, but suffered heavy causalities. Allied troops and ANZAC's attacked Sulva bay in August.
Turkey reinforced position and on August 10th reca[tured Sulva Bay.
Allied troops were added to evacuate on the 7th December 1915.
WW1-1914-1918 :
End of war
Treaty of Versailles
The argument between two sides to stop fighting. The treaty dealt with Germany and was signed on the 28th June 1919. Created formal peace between Germany and the Triple Entente
Purpose was to punish Germany and weaken the army so they couldn't start a war.
Germany's Terms with Treaty of Versallies
Withdraw troops
Surrender military
Release prisoners of war
Pay reparations[repay the cost of war].
Armistice [ceasefire]
On the 11th September 1918, Germany signed the Armstice to more the end of the war.
The Armstice required the fighting to end that day on the 11th hour of the 11th day on the 11th month.
Ceasefire was to last for 30 days and was official in the treaty.
