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Unit 4 transoceanic interconnections review (1450-1750 CE) :!!: - Coggle…
Unit 4 transoceanic interconnections review (1450-1750 CE)
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Technological innovations
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Caravel :red_flag:
A Portuguese ship used to explore the West coast of Africa.
Pinta and Nina were Columbus caravels.
Carrack :red_flag:
Used to trade along the African coast, Asia, and America.
Santa Maria was Columbus Carrack.
Lateen sail :red_flag:
Allowed ships to sail into the wind.
Allowed ships to increase in size which gave them the ability to carry goods more successful and reliably.
Compass :red_flag:
Helped mariners navigate and show directions (North, East, South, West.)
Helped sailors explore the world and work on trading/ communication.
Causes/Events
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Portuguese :red_flag:
They were so powerful because they controlled the trading routes.
The Portuguese navigator name Prince Henry created a school in which they began constructing ships that helped them be successful.
Later on they were beat out by the Dutch and the British, they were still doing good but not as successful as before.
In the year 1910, monarchy was removed and Portugal became a republic.
Vasco De Gama was a Portuguese navigator and explorer who helped establish trading posts all around the East African cost.
Spanish :red_flag:
Columbus benefited Spain because he was always open/hungry for new ideas and if he were to discover something it would help Spain become wealthy.
Columbus- Spanish navigator, he also claimed land for Spain.
Columbus Voyages led him through as far south as Panama and the Caribbean which helped make the Spanish monarchy the most powerful in Europe.
French :red_flag:
Jacques Cartier was a french explorer who found Canada and claimed it while looking for a trade route to Asia.
The French colonized because they were in search for Gold and Silver.
They had fur which they traded with Native Americans and others who were willing to pay lots of money for it.
Dutch and British empires :red_flag:
The British settled in a colony named Jamestown which turned out to be a successful colony for the english.
Later on Jamestown became a dangerous place to live in, full of diseases, illness, and hunger. In 1698 it was burned.
Henry Hudson was an English captain and navigator who was sent to explore the east coast of America.
He wasn't successful finding the Northwest passage because there was tension between him and his crew but he was still able to find other trading routes that were valuable to the Dutch.
Maritime empire:Established
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Ming limitation of trade :red_flag:
They wanted to restrict trading because they wanted to undo the Mongols influence, they wanted to re-teach Confucianism and the exam system.
They restricted trade by destroying dockyards(repaired and maintained ships), limit shipbuilding, and reconstructing the Great Wall.
It was said that the Ming dynasty was the best well governed kingdom.
Indian ocean trade :red_flag:
Great interaction between cultures, people, and civilizations.
Stretched from Java in the East to Zanzibar an Mombasa in the West.
Connected Southeast Asia, India, Arabia, and East Africa.
Hacienda and Encomienda system :red_flag:
Encomienda (16th century) a system granted to the spanish conquistadors, it helped them gain resources and gold from the Americas.
Encomenderos were landowners who offered the Indians protection, food, and shelter, in return the Indians had to "help" (be slaves.)
Hacienda (19th century) a system of enterprises who helped make profit which were owned by hacendados.
Hacendados were landowners who developed agriculture on their land.
Trans-Atlantic slave trade :red_flag:
Transported enslaved people, which took place from late 15th century to the mid 19th century.
The slave owners used the middle passage(forced voyage that went through the atlantic ocean in order to get to the "New world" Americas) to transport the slaves.
Slave owners took advantage of slave reproduction (steal their babies and sell them.)
Maritime Empires:Maintained
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Mercantilism and joint-stock companies :red_flag:
Joint stocks are usually owned by shareholders/ investors who bought shares in them. They can either be bought or shared.
Mercantilism- "A government can make the nation more successful by regulating trades/ using tariffs or other methods of protection to achieve a balance of exports over imports."
The British east India company decided to put high rates which helped the British empire. It was also capitalism(Economy based on goods or services for profits.)
Sugar and Cotton :red_flag:
Slave trading was part of the triangle of trade that was through the Atlantic.
Goods were traded to the West African coast for slaves who did all the sugar crops.
Cotton increased the planters demand for both land and slave labor.
Belief systems :red_flag:
The native american language and culture is still seen based on Aztec books which were rewritten by the spanish.
The Aztecs also known as the "Mexicas" who left around 12th century AD used the son, moon, and stars to guide them.
The Portuguese and the Spanish used to burn the Aztec books because they said they were unholy.
Challenges to state power
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Slave Rebellion :red_flag:
A slave rebellion are slaves"protesting" for freedom.
Slaves started rebellion which put the state in a bad position.
The Stono rebellion was the bloodiest slave rebellion to exist.
Changing social hierarchies
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Casta System :red_flag:
Started in the Spanish and American colonies during the 18th century.
Social and racial classification that determines where each racial group stands.
Columbian exchange
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Causes of the Columbian exchange: Diseases, ideas, religion, crops, and people.
Diseases (Chickenpox/measles) were a big effect on Eastern and Western hemisphere which led to a decrease in Native Americans population which soon led to starvation because there was no people to plant crops.
Exchange of ideas(religion) and crops like Tomatoes, lamas, and Potatoes(Found in new world) and Bananas, horses, and carrots(Found in old world.)
