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Pregnancy Diagnosis in cow, 3 Days, Lye Yi Yan D17A0014, 21 Days, 21-24…
Pregnancy Diagnosis in cow
Early pregnancy factor (EPF)
'Dip-stick' principle and can detect EPF in serum and milk.
The cow can be treated with PGF 2alpha to induce a premature oestrus.
Progesterone concentration in plasma and milk
If a blood sample is taken at about 21 days after the previous oestrus, progesterone levels remain elevated.
If the cow is not pregnant, the progesterone levels will be low.
Progesterone is very soluble in milk fat, thus more detectable.
85 days
Hypertrophy of the middle uterine artery until presence of fremitus
The artery runs in the broad ligament, along a tortuous course, passing downwards and towards the midline over the pelvic brim close to the junction between pubis and ilium.
Usually, it is identified 5- 10 cm lateral to the cervix.
May confuse with iliac and obturator arteries.
Middle uterine artery is mobile, and can be encircled within the thumb and forefinger.
13 Days
Realtime ultrasound (direct imaging)
21 days
Failure to return to oestrus and persistence of corpus luteum
Failure of regression of the CL at about 21 days (determined by transrectal palpation), provides a method of anticipating pregnancy.
Dependent on the efficacy of oestrus detection
Palpation of the allantochorion (membrane slip)
This method is dependent upon the fact in cow, that attachment of the allantochorion to the endometrium occurs only between the cotyledons and the caruncles.
The allantochorion will eventually be identified as a very fine structure as it slips between the thumb and finger before the uterine and rectal walls are lost from the grasp.
Assay of pregnancy-specific protein B
This protein has been identified in the maternal serum of cows from 24 days of gestation.
Measured by radio-immunoassay
Protein is secreted by the binucleate cells of the trophoblastic ectoderm.
False positives can occur after embryonic or fetal death
45-60 Days
Palpation of the early fetus when the amnion loses its turgidity
The amniotic sac becomes less turgidity at 45 - 50 days of gestation, and it is sometimes possible to palpate directly the small developing fetus.
This should be done with care.
Palpation of fetus
By rectal palpation
By abdominal ballottement
35 Days
Determining
characteristic
such as:
Unilateral cornual enlargement and disparity in size
Thinning of uterine wall
Fluid-filled fluctuation of enlarged horns
80 Days
Palpation of cotyledons
It can be palpated as roughened elevations when the fingers are passed back and forth over the surface of the enlarged gravid horn
From 3 months, it can be identified as discrete structures in the midline, about 8-10 cm in front of and over the pelvic brim, bu pressing down upon the uterine body and base of the horn.
As pregnancy proceeds, the cotyledons become larger, but once the uterus has sunk into the abdomen 5 - 7 months, it is sometimes impossible to palpate them
Oestrone sulphate in blood or milk
Oestron sulphate is a major oestrogens in the milk of pregnant, lactating cows.
During gestation, the concentration increases gradually so that after 105 days it is present in the milk of all pregnant animals.
Source of the hormone is the fetoplacental unit.
3 Days
Lye Yi Yan D17A0014
21 Days
21-24 Days
33 Days
105 Days
120 Days