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Hormones, Homeostasis and Reproduction - Coggle Diagram
Hormones, Homeostasis and Reproduction
Endocrine System
Glands
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Adrenal: endocrine, produces adrenalin and steroids such as aldosterone and cortisol.
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Ovary: female gonads. Estrogen and progesterone cause pre-natal development of female reproductive organs and female secondary sexual characteristics during puberty.
Testes: male gonads, secrete testosterone. In puberty: secondary sexual characteristics.
Pineal: endocrine, produces melatonin, which plays a role in the sleep/wake cycle.
Thyroid: produces thyroid hormones that affect metabolism rate. Controlled y the pituitary gland. Thyroid hormones: T3, T4 and calcitonin.
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Responses
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Influence much broader than nervous system, all types of body cells.
Reproductive System
Female
External Genitalia
Vulva
Labia majora and minora: protect vulva, urethral and vaginal openings.
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Internal Organs
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Vagina: chamber that receives sperm, birth canal.
Male
External Genitalia
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Penis
Erectile tissue: fills with blood during sexual arousal, causing an erection.
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Internal Organs
Accesory glands
Seminal vesicles: adds fructose for cell respiration to semen, adds mucus to protect sperm.
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Bulbourethral: secretes clear mucus before ejaculation that neutralizes acidic urine in the urethra.
Menstrual Cycle
Is controlled by negative and positive feedback mechanisms involving ovarian and pituitary hormones.
Follicular Phase: menstruation, endometrium sheds, FSH increases and stimulates follicle development.
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Ovulatory Phase: FSH and follicle stimulate oestrogen release, endometrium development, and rise in LH. Causes ovulation.
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Luteal Phase: LH falls, corpus luteum forms and releases progesterone, which maintains endometrium and inhibits FSH and LH.
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Homeostasis
Hormones
Mediator molecules that are released in one part of the body but regulates the activity of cells in other parts of the body.
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