Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

A happy, healthy couple in their early 40s want advice on contraceptive…

- - - - permanent contraception
        
        getting a vasectomy or tubal ligation is even more effective because it's a permanent birth control, recovery is quick
        
        99% successful in preventing pregnancies
      - IUD
        
        mainly for long term use and effectiveness, 1 in 100 females get pregnant
        
        invisible and spermicide isn't needed
        
        can be reversed
      - hormonal
        
        options like birth control pills are effective, and also help regulate periods
        
        monthly hormonal shots are so effective that fewer than 1 out of 100 women get pregnant
    - - emergency contraceptive
        
        doesn't work if taken after 5 days
        
        not a 100% successful rate
        
        no protection against STDs
      - fertility awareness
        
        can easily forget the menstrual dates
        
        not effective if not committed
        
        can ovulate on a different day of every cycle
      - barrier
        
        still at risk for pregnancy
        
        may be allergic to latex
        
        may provide some but not lots of protection against STDs
- - - - penis
      - scrotum
      - testes
      - epididymis
      - vas deferns
      - prostate
      - seminal vesicles
      - ejaculatory duct
      - bulbourethral gland
      - urethra
    - - vagina
      - clitoris
      - uterus
      - ovaries
      - fallopian tube
      - labia majora
      - labia minora
      - cervix
  - - - penis
        
        provides an outlet for seminal fluid and urine
      - scrotum
        
        maintains adequate temperature for the testes to produce sperm
      - prostate
        
        produce fluid secreted into the urethra during ejaculation
      - testes
        
        produce sperm and testosterone
      - epididymis
        
        storage and maturation of sperm
      - seminal vesicles
        
        provides fluids to nourish the sperm
      - urethra
        
        carries urine to the bladder then outside of the body
      - bulbourethral glands
        
        produces fluid that empties into urethra
    - - vagina
        
        birth canal, joins at cervix to the outside of the body
      - clitoris
        
        serves as erotic sensation
      - uterus
        
        holds the fetus during pregnancy
      - ovaries
        
        produce oocytes
        
        produce estrogen and progesterone
      - fallopian tube
        
        assist in the transfer of the ovum from the ovary to the uterus
      - labia majora
        
        covers and protects sensitive structures
      - labia minora
        
        protects structures
      - cervix
        
        maintains sterility
        
        facilitates the passage of sperm
  - - - 28 day cycle
      - menstrual phase
        
        days 1-5 of cycle
        
        shedding of the uterine lining
      - proliferative phase
        
        days 6-14 of cycle
        
        develops new functional layer of endometrium
        
        estrogen causes the lining to grow
        
        secretes estrogen and estradiol
      - secretory phase
        
        days 15-28 of cycle
        
        corpus luteum produces progesterone
        
        increases vascularization and uterine gland development
    - - follicular phase
        
        days 1-13 of ovarian cycle
        
        20 primordial follicles stimulated to mature by LH and FSH
        
        ovarian follicles mature and gets ready to release an egg
        
        primary oocyte in follicle finishes meiosis I and forms two cells
      - ovulation
        
        release of secondary oocyte from mature follicle
        
        day 14 of cycle
        
        only one ovary ovulates every month
        
        induced with peak in LH secretion
      - luteal phase
        
        remaining follicle cells become corpus luteum
        
        days 15-28 of cycle
        
        corpus luteum
        
        secretes progesterone and estrogen
        
        builds uterine lining to prepares for fertilized oocyte
        
        lifespan of 10-13 days if oocyte isn't fertillized
        
        corpus luteum regression
        
        causes drop in secreted estrogen and progesterone
        
        causes shedding of uterine lining - menstruation
        
        end of luteal phase
        
        sheds lining - menses
  - - - contains progestin that prevents mature egg to be released by the ovaries
      - side effects include headaches, nausea, and spotting
      - makes mucus around the cervix thicker so sperm can't enter
      - makes lining thinner so the fertilized egg doesn't attach
    - - IUD that fits inside uterus
      - stops sperm from fertilizing the egg
      - contains no hormones
      - copper acts as a spermicide
      - side effects include bleeding, lighter/shorter periods, pms symptoms
    - - blocks sperm from entering uterus
      - used only during intercourse
      - side effects include an increase of UTIs, vaginal burning/itching, reaction/allergic to latex, and toxic shock
    - - vasectomy for males (cut and tie the tubes that carry sperm), tubal ligation for females (close both fallopian tubes)
      - side effects include bleeding and infection
    - - prevents or delays ovulation
      - can also prevent fertilization of egg
      - side effects include nausea, vomiting, menstrual changes, abdominal pain
    - - isn't as effective as other methods
      - tracking of menstrual cycle, vaginal discharge, symptoms, and body temperatures
      - there are no side effects