Emotion regulation & emotional intelligence

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models of emotional intelligence

emotional intelligence from a neuropsychological perspective (Hogeveen et al, 2016)

Emotion management: Integrating ER and EI, Pena-Sarrionandia (2015)

emotion regulation

emotional intelligence

processes permitting individuals to influence which emotions they have, when they have them, how they experience and express those emotions

individual differences in ER - individuals show consistency in regulation habits, emotion regulation style

automatic or effortful

conscious or unconscious

when is ER adaptive?

goals

strategies

awareness

intrinsic/intrapersonal or extrinsic/interpersonal

five families of emotion-regulation strategies

sequential at the micro-level (ms and s following emotion-eliciting situation, but can be used in parallel at the macro level (minutes, hours, days)

situation selection

situation modification

attentional deployment

cognitive change

response modulation

confrontation

avoidance

help/ support-seeking

conflict resolution

direct situation modification (problem-focused coping)

selecting the information we attend to

distraction

rumination

mindfulness

change the way we think to change the way we feel

self-efficacy appraisal

challenge and threat appraisals

acceptance

positive reappraisal

emotion sharing

verbal/physical aggression

substance use

expressive suppression

physical exercise

outcome oriented: what is the outcome of emotion regulation strategies?

Is EI a form of intelligence or constellation of emotion-related traits?

tripartite model of EI

abilities

traits

knowledge

loosely connected

relationship between emotional intelligence and emotion-regulation strategies

attentional deployment

cognitive change

situation modification

trait emotional intelligence is associated with differences in emotion regulation rather. than with differences in reactivity to emotion-laden stimuli

situational selection

response modulation

high EI (ability and trait)

high EI associated with greater use of problem-focused coping, no significant relationship to ability to restrain oneself, more social support seeking

results less consistent: high EI - less rumination, but unclear

positive relation between high EI and self-efficacy

individuals with high EI - using less denial

relationship with positive interpretation, acceptance, humour is not significant

less use of suppression - less need rather than less capacity

less aggressive behaviour

less suicidal behaviour

less substance abuse

emotionally intelligent regulation - flexibility - open to emotions, efficiently regulate emotions and take advantage

trait emotional intelligence in academic performance (Perera, 2015)

possible theoretical mechanisms

empirical relations between trait EI and achievement

concepts of emotional intelligence

Salovey & Mayer (1990)

set of interrelated cognitive-emotional abilities

three-part hierarchical model

appraisal & expression

regulation

utilisation

Petrides & Furnham (2001)

conceptual distinction between ability and trait EI

maximal and typical performance measure

ability emotional intelligence

constellation of cognitive-emotional abilities located in frameworks of human intelligence

trait emotional intelligence

collection of affective-motivational dispositions and self-perceptions located in frameworks of human personality

cognitive processing of emotional information measured in maximal performance tests

as reflected in typical-performance measures - self- or peer report - personality constructs

motivational processes

interpersonal processes

cognitive processes

dimensions of trait emotional intelligence are differentially implicated in predicting achievement

association mainly due to an indirect pathway

trait emotional intelligence may confer a small yet important advantage in academic learning and testing contexts

may be circumstances where sociability dispositions hinder academic achievement

data implicate a consistent network of brain regions across multiple component emotional abilities

research should attempt to empirically validating the hypothesised commonest structure of emotional ability

Bar-On's mixed model

integrative model (Salovey & Mayer)

array of non-cognitive abilities which influence an individuals adaptive success by shaping interpretation and response to environmental stimuli and pressures

non-cognitive abilities?

weak divergent validity

self-report measures

need of a clear delineation of constituent composters of EI and evidence for a common network of brain areas underlying these functions

four domains of emotional ability included in all models of EI

using emotions to facilitate thought and behaviour

understanding how emotions shape one's own behaviour and of others

recognising emotional states in oneself and others

regulating own emotions and those of others

mapping of abilities to brain areas- based on brain lesion studies

emotion recognition

emotional awareness

alexithymia - lack of emotional awareness

damage to anterior ínsula (AI)

ACC . cingulotomy patients report reductions of feelings of anger and tension

theoretical accounts: AI integrates interoceptive information, which are sent to. ACC in order to initiate motor and non-motor planning and selection

conjoint activity is thought to play a critical role in the generation of subjective emotional experience

ventromedial PFC lesions - reduced emotional intensity, reduced feeling of regret after unfavourable decision

computing reward value of interoceptive states ?

high EI individuals make more accurate affective predictions, use less avoidant coping strategies, strive more to attain goals

relationship more pronounced in younger than in adults

recognising facial emotional expressions

amygdala damage associated with impairment

AI, ACC

simulation hypothesis

empathy and prosocial behaviour

emotional memory

amygdala

memorising emotionally salient events

learning about traits of others

affective theory of mind

vmPFC

vlPFC

amygdala

vmPFC

impairment on MSCEIT measure for individuals with damage to the associated network of brain areas