Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

An elderly female patient has a history of osteoporosis, chronic type II…

- - - - Kidney
        
        Nephron
        
        Microscopic functional filtration unit of kidney
        
        Renal corpuscle
        
        Glomerulus
        
        Tangle of capillary loops
        
        Glomerular capsule
        
        External impermeable parietal layer
        
        Internal permeable visceral layer
        
        Capsular space between two layers
        
        Renal tubule
        
        Remaining portion of nephron
        
        Nephron loop
        
        3 more items...
        
        Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
        
        2 more items...
        
        Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
        
        3 more items...
        
        Types of Nephrons
        
        Cortical nephrons
        
        Short loop, penetrate medulla
        
        85% of nephrons
        
        Oriented with renal corpuscle
        
        Juxtamedullary nephrons
        
        Long loop, deep into medulla
        
        Plays a vital role in kidneys
        
        Renal corpuscles adjacent to corticomedullary junction
        
        Produce concentrated urine
        
        Collecting ducts
        
        Drainage of nephrons
        
        Principal Cells
        
        Response to hormones
        
        Aldosterone
        
        ADH
        
        Maintains water and sodium balance of body
        
        Intercalated Cells
        
        Specialized cells
        
        Type A
        
        Type B
        
        Regulate the pH of urine and blood
      - Ureters
        
        The ureter is a tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder
        
        Types of ureter
        
        Upper half
        
        Located in the abdomen
        
        Lower half
        
        Located in the pelvic area
      - Renal pelvis
        
        Renal pelvis is an enlarged upper end of the ureter, the tube through which urine flows from the kidney to the urinary bladder
      - Bladder
        
        The urinary bladder is a hollow muscular organ that collects and stores urine from the kidneys
      - Urethra
        
        Duct by which urine exits the body from the bladder
  - - - Minor calyx
        
        Major calyx
        
        Renal pelvis
        
        Ureter
  - - - PCT
        
        Nephron loop
        
        DCT
        
        Collecting ducts
  - - - Movement by diffusion, osmosis and active transport
      - Solutes and water reabsorbed
      - Tubular fluid components returns to blood within peritubular capillaries and vasa recta
    - - Moves in tubules for excretion
      - Movement by active transport
    - - Solutes enter capsular space of renal corpuscle
      - Separate fluid is termed as filtrate
      - Occurs in glomerular capillaries
  - - - Nutrients
      - Filtered plasma proteins
    - - Small and medium sized filtrate
      - Reabsorption takes place from tubular fluid into PCT and then back to blood
      - Most of them are not freely filtrate
  - - - Controlled by ADH and aldosterone
    - - 10% of filtered water reabsorbed
    - - Tubular reabsorption
    - - Constant aquaporins
  - - - Aldosterone
        
        Increase in sodium reabsorption
        
        Decrease urine production
        
        Produced by adrenal cortex
        
        Increase blood volume and pressure
      - Atrial natriuretic peptide
        
        Inhibits release of aldosterone
        
        Sodium and water excreted in urine
        
        Decrease in sodium reabsorption
        
        Increase in urine production
        
        Released from cardiac muscle cells
        
        Decrease in blood volume and pressure