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Elderly female notices blood in urine - Coggle Diagram
Elderly female notices blood in urine
Background Information
Anatomy of the urinary system
Kidneys
Renal tubules
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra
Collecting ducts
Functions of the urinary system
Removes waste products and medicines from the body
Balance the body's fluids
Balance electrolytes
Release hormones to control blood pressure
Releases hormone erythropoietin to control red blood cell production
Help with bone health by controlling calcium and phosphorus
Structure of a nephron
Microscopic functional filtration unit of the kidney consists of:
Renal corpuscle
glomerulus
glomerular capsule
Renal tubule
remaining portion of the nephron consisting of: proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, and distal convoluted tubule
Specific molecules of the nephron
Filtration
Happens in glomerular capsule
Molecules such as water, amino acids, glucose, nitrogenous waste pass freely from the blood into the glomerular capsule
Reabsorption
Happens in renal tubules and collecting ducts
Reclaims almost everything filtered (all glucose and amino acids) and 99% of the water, salt, and other components; anything not reabsorbed becomes urine
Secretion
Happens in renal tubules and collecting ducts
Selectively moving substances from the blood into the filtrate
Clinical aspects
Osteoporosis
Decreased density and strength of bone resulting from a gradual decrease in rate of bone formation
Diabetes Mellitus II
Disease caused by deficient insulin release leading to the body's inability to process carbohydrates
Hypertension
High blood pressure
Upstream Causes
Medical History
Osteoporosis
60 to 80% of potassium is reabsorbed by the kidneys; calcium is reabsorbed as well
Chronic diabetes mellitus type II
Kidneys freely filter glucose; if an excessive amount is present chronically it can cause damage
High blood pressure
Kidneys filter, reabsorb, secrete the blood. If blood pressure is high, kidneys may not be able to do this as well
Age
As people age, there is a decline in the weight of the kidneys; the rate at which the kidneys filter blood decline as well
Downstream Causes
Effects on kidneys
high blood pressure
Harms renal blood vessels.
can cause arteries around the kidneys to narrow, weaken or harden.Damaged arteries are not able to deliver enough blood to the kidney tissue; Causes renal failure
Chronic diabetes mellitus type II
Blood sugar levels are too high and over time can damage the kidneys.
Kidneys filter your blood so if they are damaged they are not able to do so, leaving waste and fluid build up in the body; causes renal failure
Osteoporosis
Can be caused by chronic kidney disease when kidneys are damaged and there are abnormal hormone levels cause calcium and phosphorus levels in a person's blood is out of balance
What is causing blood in the urine?
Kidney disease
Urinary infection
No signs of getting well
Will lead to renal failure which is greatly diminishes or makes renal functions absent
Once kidneys are destroyed they will not function again
Two treatments: dialysis or kidney transplant