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Chapter 22 Seed Plants I: Plants Without Flowers ("Gymnosperms")…
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Cross-link Description: The aneurophytes, Triloboxylon and Aneurophyton also had three-ribboned protostele. This is the reason as to why the earliest seed ferns are said to evolve from the Aneurophytales.
Cross-link Description: The lacking of vessels and phloem lacking sieve tubes is similar to that of Archaeopteris. This is they are the progymnosperm ancestors of conifers
Cross-link Description: The stems of cycads and seed ferns are similar. This can be determined because a thick cortex containing secretory ducts surrounds a small amount of manoxylic wood.