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Tensile Test, Fahmi Maihidin (57213119130) - Coggle Diagram
Tensile Test
Differences in the Tensile Behavior of a Range of Different Materials
Mild Steel
Discontinuous yielding
Polymer
Brittle Polymer fail in plastic region
Ductile polymer has elastic region at plastic region
Ceramic
Brittle material and show only elastic behavior
Non - Ferrous Metals
High - strain
Composite
Brittle but more ductility than Ceramic
What is Tensile Test?
Applies tensile force to a material and measures the specimen's response to the stress
Determine how strong a material is and how much it can elongate
Also known as Tension Test, is a type of mechanical test
Calculate Range of Mechanical Properties Using Tensile Curve
Elastic modulus
The elastic modulus (E), often referred to as Young’s modulus is the ratio of stress (σ) to strain (ε) when deformation is totally elastic. In the elastic region, stress and strain are proportional through Hooke’s Law: σ = Eε
The elastic modulus is an intrinsic property of a material. At a fundamental level, E is a measure of the bond strength between atoms. The greater the modulus, the stiffer the material and the smaller the strain. An elastic response is non-permanent, so when an applied load is released, the sample returns to its original shape.
Hardness
Hardness (H) is a measure of a material’s resistance to deformation by surface indentation. The plastic deformation is caused by the motion of dislocations in the atomic structure of a material. The yield strength of a material may be changed by inhibiting dislocation motion through imperfections, alloys or grain boundaries.
Hardness (H) = Applied Load (P) / Area (A)
Fracture Toughness
Fracture toughness is the property of a material’s resistance to brittle fracture. Because the occurrence of flaws is impossible to avoid during processing of a material or component, fracture toughness is an important materials property. Materials with high fracture toughness will tend to undergo ductile fracture. Materials with low fracture toughness normally have brittle fracture.
Operation of Tensile Test
Equipment
Proper Grip
Different materials require different fixturing to properly hold them
a sample made of metal requires different grips than a stretchy piece of rubber due to how the materials behave as tensile forces are applied
Controller and Indicator
Control how the test frame behaves during testing, including test speed and displacement
Indicators capture and display the test data but do not control the machine
Load Cell
Choosing a load cell with a capacity below the required breaking strength will result in the load cell breaking before the sample does
Load cell with too high a capacity will lead to test results that may lack the precision desired
Measure the amount of force being applied to the sample
Universal Test Machine Frame
Frames are available in both electromechanical and servo-hydraulic configurations with a wide range of capacities
Important to select a frame which can withstand the amount of force needed to test the sample
Provides the structure and rigidity needed to pull the sample apart at the desired rate
Form of Tensile Curve
Stress - Strain Curve
Fahmi Maihidin (57213119130)
