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Human Sexual Reproductive System - Coggle Diagram
Human Sexual Reproductive System
Reproduction Types
Asexual
unicellular
1 parent
same as parent
Sexual
multi-cellular
2 parents; Male + Female
male + female sex cells fuse together => reproduce
Male = Sperm
Female = Ovum [Plural: Ova]
different from parent
Human Reproduction
Male
Penis
Organ
which sperm-carrying fluid (
semen
) leaves the male body + is
deposited
in the female's body
also allows
urine to leave body
Urethra
A
tube
which
transports sperms, semen + urine at different times to outside of the penis
.
Sperm Duct (vas deferens)
carries sperms
from the
testis
to the
penis
Testis [Plural: Testes]
produce(s) male sex cells called sperms and male sex hormones
.
The
smallest cell
in the body
contains
23
chromosomes
Scrotum
A
bag of skin
which holds the
testes outside
the body.
Sex Glands
Produce Fluids
in which the
sperms swim
; the
mixture
of sperms and fluid is called
semen
.
Epididymis
stores
sperms
Female
Vagina
tube
linking uterus to outside body
sperms are
deposited
Oviducts (fallopian tubes)
tube
carrying
eggs from ovary to uterus
where
fertilisation takes place
Uterus
pear-shaped structure
allows
embryo implantation
to occur + nourishes
growth of foetus
Cervix
narrow opening
of uterus, widens during baby birth
Ovary
1 mature egg
produced per month
egg is
biggest cell
of body + contains
23
chromosomes
produces eggs and female sex hormones
Fertilisation
3) The sperms
may meet an ovum
coming from one of the oviducts. There may be millions of sperms but only
one will fertilise the ovum
.
No ovum in both oviducts = No fertilisation
4) The head of the sperm enters the ovum
2) The
sperms swim up the uterus
to both oviducts.
5) During fertilisation the
nucleus in the head of the sperm fuses with the nucleus in the ovum
. The two nuclei form a
fertilised ovum or zygote
. All the other sperms will die eventually.
1) During sexual intercourse, the erect male penis is inserted into the vagina of the female.
Sperms are released from the penis
and
deposited in the vagina
.
Occurs when
a sperm fuses with an ovum
through
sexual intercourse
Birth Control
Temporary
Artificial
Diaphragm
dome-shaped rubber cap
fitted over cervix
prevents sperms from entering uterus
Birth control pills
Contains female sex hormones that prevent ovulation
Intra-uterine device (IUD)
plastic/metal coil or loop
inserted in uterus by doctor/trained person
prevents fertilised ovum from implanting on the uterine wall
Condom
thin rubber tube
put on erect penis before sexual intercourse
prevent sperms from being deposited in vagina
minimises risk of contracting Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
Spermicide
substance kills sperms
found
creams
jellies
foams
tablets
applied in vagina before sexual intercourse
Natural
Rhythm Method
Refraining from sexual intercourse during the time when fertilisation is most likely to occur.
Abstinence
not wanting sexual intercourse at all
Permanent
Sterilisation
Male: Sperm duct are cut and tied
Vasectomy
Female: Oviducts (fallopian tubes) are cut and tied
Tubal Ligation
Why we look like our parents
Heredity
Process of
passing genetic material
from
one generation
to another
Chromosomes
carry genes
+ controls the
growth and appearance
.
Body changes
Puberty
period of rapid
growth
+
development
person changes to become
sexually mature and capable of reproducing
Produces sex hormones from reproductive organs
Male = Testes produce Testosterone
Female = Ovaries produces Oestrogen
Changes
Male
Larger growth
of reproductive organs + produce sperms
Body grows
Height
can
increase rapidly
in short time
Body becomes
more muscular
Voice box enlarges
+ voice deepens
Growth of facial hair and bodily hair
(armpits + reproductive organs)
Female
Ovaries
start
releasing ova
Height increases rapidly
Breasts
grow
larger
Hips
become
rounder + wider
Hair grows in
armpits + reproductive organs
Menstruation
occurs
(continued) Menstruation Cycle
approximately 28 days
4 stages
Uterine lining begins to grow + thicken again (6-10 day)
Ovulation occurs. Mature egg is released from the ovary (11-18 day)
occurs usually every 14th day towards end of cycle
Ovum is not fertilised, lining breaks down and menstruation occurs (1-5 day)
Uterine lining continues to thicken (19-28 day)
Menstruation
Discharge of blood and dead tissues
from the uterine lining via the vagina
Social and Moral issues
Premarital Sex
Abortion
Reasons
Medical
Unborn baby severely deformed
physically
mentally
mother's life in danger if pregnancy continues
Social
Unplanned pregnancy
Poor couple + can't afford another baby
Risks
Infections of the uterus + oviduct can make it difficult for the women to become pregnant in future.
Woman may feel guilty about the loss of her foetus => emotional problems
depression
Unless mother's life in danger, only performed during first 24 weeks of pregnancy
Accidental puncturing of uterus => heavy bleeding
massive bleeding from vagina => death
deliberate ending
of a pregnancy
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI)
Bacteria
Gonorrhoea
can be treated by antibiotics in early stages
thru unprotected sex
Symptoms
Painful sensation during urination
Infertility
Blindness in baby
Syphilis
Symptoms
Painless sores
Non-itchy rashes
Insanity
Virus
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Caused by HIV virus (Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus)
Serious stage of HIV infections
Symptoms
Loss of Appetite
Prolonged Fever
Night sweat
Prevention
Avoid drug abuse and sharing needles which may be contaminated with bacteria or viruses
Make sure that ear-piercing or tattooing equipment have been sterilised before being used on you
Avoid casual sex; practise protected sex
Make sure that the barber uses a new blase on you
Use condoms during sexual intercourse
Be faithful to 1 sex partner
Growing population
More people born than people dying
more food
better medication + healthcare
Better water treatment technology
Improve sanitation + reduction of water- borne diseases.