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Repetition - Coggle Diagram
Repetition
Repetition of Timing (Rhythm)
Repetition of timing imposed over a narrative or a poem creates rhythm. The simplest definition of rhythm is the ‘segmentation of time into perceptible units’ but in poetry, it often indicates a contrastive patterning, such as motion and pause or slow and quick speed, rather than simply repeating units with the identical timing
Both spoken language and sign language poetry create rhythm by patterning certain units, but what constitutes such units can be very different
Sign language poetry repeats a variety of temporal and visual features to create contrastive timings in signing, such as movement and hold- hand producing the sign do not move, oscillating body posture, fast and slow speed, and proximal is action and distal is action (that is, signs placed near to and far from the signer’s torso)
Movement emphasis (long and short) and movements duration (slow and fast) are rhythmic patterns
Movement size refers to the sift between large and small signs, which produces a certain rhythm as the shift between quick and slow movements does, but changing the size of the signing has stronger visual appeal because it uses space to create the rhythm.
Repetition of Three
As Olrik pointed out, across many cultures, ‘three’ is a very common number to be repeated. Repetition of three can widely be found in folk stories, in rhetoric, in jokes, and in architecture, adverts, music, films and many other artistic genres
The patterning of three is also very common in sign language literature and folklore and it has many functions in stories and other signed performances. Signers can show the same referent in three different ways- tell it, show it, become it – to build up the image of the character
We also see patterning of three when signers divide space into three areas: and place signs there to create visually pleasing images, or metaphorically meaning in ones. The same event shown by the same sign three times, builds tension, allows contrast, creates expectation in the audiences that something will shortly change to break this pattern of repetition. Alternatively, the same event shown by three different signs provides opportunity for creativity, while the same action carried out by three different characters extends characterization
The same sign can refer to the same event three times, interspersed each time by a different event
Repetition of Signs
Repetition in sign language poetry also take place at the lexical level-that is, repetition. Word repetition can follow a range of different patterns. Worlds can be repeated immediately one after another. Called epizeuxis can be very effective because forceful repetition makes a very strong impact.
The same word can also be repeated at certain intervals throughout a text, which is sometimes called conduplicatio.
Anaphoric is another pattern of repetition in which the initial words or phrases of a clause/sentence/stanza are repeated
In epistrophe the last words or phrases in a clause, sentence or stanza are repeated
Repetition of Motifs
A motif is a repeated idea, theme, subject or image in a piece of literature, so by its definition it includes the notion of repetition
In sign language literature, motifs can be thematic or visual
Thematic motifs are common in signed and spoken language poems bus visual motifs are unique to sign language literature
Repetition of Three Plus One
Another equally important number is four, or rather ‘3 + 1’ in which the first three instance build up a pattern and the fourth element breaks it or offers resolution to the established pattern.
Three plus on is the right number of repetitions to produce maximum tension and release
Olrik's Law of Repetition
The folklore scholar Axel Olrik identified some ‘laws’ or ‘principles’ that govern the structure of stories in European folklore. Olrik noted that common numbers of repetition in folklore are three, seven, or twelve, among which three is the most usual
Repetition of Linguistic Units
What units (elements) are repeated in sign language poetry, ranging from sub-signs to large sequences
Repetition of Sub Signs
The smallest signed units that can be repeated are so-called ‘sub-sign’ elements – or more precisely speaking , the parameters that constitute a sign (its handshape, movement, location, palm orientation, and non manual features). Although each parameter is small, it can have considerable impact on the entire poem through constant repetition.
Repetition of Sequences
Repetition does not stop at the lexical level, but can happen with a larger unit of signing. A sequence of events can be repeated, to create rhythmic or thematic patterns.