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ELECTROLYTES - Coggle Diagram

- - - - parathyroidectomy
      - pancreatitis
      - sepsis
      - tumor lysis syndrome
      - acute alkalosis
      - chelation
        
        EDTA
        
        blood transfusion
        
        foscarnet
    - - muscle cramps
      - Chovstek and Trouseau
      - paresthesias
      - hyperreflexia/tetany
      - seizures
    - - IV Ca gluconate/chloride
    - - Na citrate and citric acid used to preserve RBCs
      - massive transfusion - don't have enough time to clear it
      - underlying disorder (liver, kidneys, sepsis) cannot clear it effectively
      - Citrate binds to ionized (free) Ca
    - - measure ionized Ca level
      - serum Ca may be normal
  - - - surgery (during or immediately after)
- - - - crush injuries
      - renal insufficiency
      - severe burns
    - - ECG changes
      - asystole
      - GI disturbances (N/V)
- - - - prolonged NT suction
      - diarrhea
      - heavy EtOH use
      - diuretic use
  - - - dec DTR
      - loss of DTR
      - muslce paralysis
      - flaccid quadriplegia
      - dec respiration
      - apnea