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Unit 4 Review Transoceanic Interconnections (1450-1750) :<3: - Coggle…

- - - - Astrolabe-Told sailors how far north or south they were from the equator.
        Magnetic Compass-Gave sailors the ability to know exactly which direction they were headed, thanks to the North, South magnetic field that runs across the Earth.
        Lateen Sail-A triangular sail that could catch wind on both sides of the ship as opposed to old square sails which could only catch wind from one direction. For those ships that successfully combined square sails and lateen sails that meant they could travel further into the ocean and expand trade routes.
- - - - England-John Cabot, his aim was to find a north west passage to Asia so they didn't have to sail all the way to South America. He couldn't fins such a passage, be he claimed all the land from Hewfoundland to Chesapeake Bay for the English. In 1607 the English established their first colony called Jamestown.
      - France-Also wanted to find a Northwest passage through the Americas all the wat over to Asia and when they couldn't they went ahead and claimed part of the land which is now Canada. They found out that this land was rich in natural resources, One year after the establishment of Jamestown, the Frecn established Quebec,they became more interested in using new territories as trading posts with the natives.
- - - - Animals and food-The Europeans introduced pigs, cows, wheat, and grapes in the Americas and eventually became staples in the American diet. The Europeans also introduced horses to the western Hemishere. This changed the lives of the Native Americans, after they learned to ride horse, they learned to hunt buffalo with greater efficiency and that meant excess food. Also tribes who had horses had a competitive advantage. The Mesoamericans introduced some very important food items to the Europeans like Cacao, maize, and potatoes. This lead to an expanded diet and population growth.
- - - - They also engaged some cultural borrowing from the Europeans as well. For example in the kingdom of the Congo, King Alfonso first converted to Christianity and you can see Christian influence in the art coming out of the kingdom of the Congo as well.
  - - - Mit'a system-This system provided labor for the Incan Empire and the way it did that was compelling certain people to work on public projects for a given number of days per year. They found out that Incan foced labor might serve them well when they found lots of silver in the American earth. So the Spaniards compelled Native villages to send a portion of its men to do silver mining for next to no wages.
        
        Chattel Slavery-Chattel means property, this is the kind of slavery in which people owned other people as property.
        Indentured Servitude-This meant that people had to work for a certain number of years then they can go free.
- - - - Merchantilsim:
        -Wealth measured in silver and gold
        -Favorable balance of trade
        -Colinies exist to enriech the mother country
    - - Trade Monopolies-A monopoly is just when one entity has total domination over a market. An example is the monopoly established by the Spanish over tobacco growth in the Americas, and the Spanish grew extraordinarily wealthy as a result of this monopoly.
        The trade of peasant and Artisan goods flourished, such as silk from China, cotton from India, and wool and linen from West Europe.
    - - Triangular Trade-It was a new and massive system of trade that sprang up in the Atlantic Ocean, in its most basic form it went like this, manufacturing goods were traded from Europe to West Africa, enslaved people were transported to the Americas in exchange for them, raw materials like sugar, molasses and lumber were traded to Europe.
  - - - Because of the spread of European diseases among the Native Americans, much of their cultural and social systems were wiped clean, even those who survived the onslaught of small pox have a further erasure of their culture, like Hernan Cortes upon conquering Native peoples had all their books burned and once their history was gone the Spanish transported their language further into these places further diminishing native culture.